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NES games come in cartridges, and inside of those cartridges are various circuits and hardware. Different games use different circuits and hardware, and the configuration and capabilities of such cartridges is commonly called their '''mapper'''. Mappers are designed to extend the system and bypass its limitations, such as by adding RAM to the cartridge or even extra sound channels. More commonly though, mappers are designed to allow games larger than 40K to be made. | |||
The hardware and circuitry on a cartridge's [[wikipedia:printed circuit board|printed circuit board]] | The term "mapper" arises from the concept of memory mapping: translating memory hardware into the [[CPU memory map|CPU's]] and [[PPU memory map|PPU's address spaces]]. A memory map describes which addresses correspond to which physical locations of memory. | ||
*(always) [[Mirroring]]: controlling which way the nametables are arranged, as the NES only has two nametables' worth of CIRAM but four | |||
== Common capabilities == | |||
Multiple functions can be performed by the hardware and circuitry on a cartridge's [[wikipedia:printed circuit board|printed circuit board]]: | |||
* Mapping of the CHR and PRG chips into the NES's address space, which may be expanded by… | |||
**(often) Bank switching: dynamically changing the memory mapping of cartridge memory into the NES's address spaces. By doing so, the cartridge may have more data than the address space would allow, allowing larger games to be made. | |||
**(often) Using a battery-backed volatile RAM chip, or rarely an [[wikipedia:EEPROM|EEPROM]], to maintain save data between play sessions | |||
*(always) [[Mirroring|Nametable Mirroring]]: controlling which way the nametables are arranged, as the NES only has two nametables' worth of CIRAM but four tables addressed. | |||
**(rarely) Providing cartridge-side CHR-RAM or ROM to supplement or replace the nametable CIRAM ([[Mirroring#4-Screen|4-Screen]] mirroring). | **(rarely) Providing cartridge-side CHR-RAM or ROM to supplement or replace the nametable CIRAM ([[Mirroring#4-Screen|4-Screen]] mirroring). | ||
*(commonly) Generating interrupts, especially ones timed to occur when the PPU reaches a certain scanlines. | |||
*(commonly) Generating interrupts, | |||
*(rarely) Providing additional [[:Category:Expansion_audio|sound-generation]]. The Famicom sent its audio through the cartridge port to allow the cartridge to mix in additional channels; the NES does not without modification. | *(rarely) Providing additional [[:Category:Expansion_audio|sound-generation]]. The Famicom sent its audio through the cartridge port to allow the cartridge to mix in additional channels; the NES does not without modification. | ||
*(rarely) | *(rarely) Altering how the [[attribute table]] is mapped to provide finer attribute control. | ||
* | *(rarely) Other sundry functions like fast multiplication. | ||
Most mappers fall into one of two categories: discrete logic, and ASIC based. Some discrete logic mappers are susceptible to bus conflicts. Nintendo uses the term '''Memory Management Controller''' (or '''MMC''' for short) for its ASIC mappers ("Why Game Paks Never Forget" article in ''Nintendo Power'') (note: it may have originally stood for "Multi Memory Controller", at least according to Japanese). | Most mappers fall into one of two categories: [[:Category:Discrete logic mappers|discrete logic]], and [[:Category:ASIC mappers|ASIC]] based. Some discrete logic mappers are susceptible to bus conflicts. Nintendo uses the term '''Memory Management Controller''' (or '''MMC''' for short) for its ASIC mappers ("Why Game Paks Never Forget" article in ''Nintendo Power'') (note: it may have originally stood for "Multi Memory Controller", at least according to Japanese), while Konami's ASIC mappers use the name '''Virtual ROM Controller''' (or '''VRC'''). | ||
== Naming scheme == | |||
Discrete logic mappers are often referred to by the name of a board that they are commonly used in (e.g. "UNROM"). | Discrete logic mappers are often referred to by the name of a board that they are commonly used in (e.g. "UNROM"). | ||
ASIC mappers are named after the ASIC (e.g. "MMC1" or "FME-7"), except in boards that use an ASIC in an unusual way (such as "TQROM", "TLSROM", or "NES-EVENT"). | ASIC mappers are named after the ASIC (e.g. "MMC1" or "FME-7"), except in boards that use an ASIC in an unusual way (such as "TQROM", "TLSROM", or "NES-EVENT"). | ||
The emulation community generally refers to mappers by a numbering scheme that originated with the [[iNES]] emulator (e.g. "mapper 002"). | The emulation community generally refers to mappers by a numbering scheme that originated with the [[iNES]] emulator (e.g. "mapper 002"). | ||
Some mappers that were assigned the same iNES number later received a [[submapper]] designation in [[NES 2.0]] to disambiguate their differences. | |||
The notation used in Disch's docs describing mappers is explained [[INES_Mapper_DischDocs|here]]. | The notation used in Disch's docs describing mappers is explained [[INES_Mapper_DischDocs|here]]. | ||
To allocate a mapper number, you should have A. a hardware implementation or B. an emulator implementation and a sketch of hardware. You should also have a publicly-available dump of an existing commercial cart or most of a homebrew game written. | |||
== | == iNES 1.0 mapper grid == | ||
This is the plane 0 table. These mappers do not require a [[NES 2.0]] header. | This is the plane 0 table. These mappers do not require a [[NES 2.0]] header. | ||
Line 40: | Line 45: | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 010|010]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 010|010]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Color Dreams.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 011|011]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Color Dreams.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 011|011]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Supertone.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 012|012]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon THQ.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 013|013]] | | [[File:Mfr icon THQ.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 013|013]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Supertone.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 014|014]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 015|015]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Bandai.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 016|016]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Bandai.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 016|016]] | ||
Line 65: | Line 70: | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Taito.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 033|033]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Taito.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 033|033]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Irem AVE.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 034|034]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Irem AVE.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 034|034]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 035|035]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon TXC.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 036|036]] | | [[File:Mfr icon TXC.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 036|036]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 037|037]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 037|037]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon BitCorp.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 038|038]] | | [[File:Mfr icon BitCorp.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 038|038]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 039|039]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 040|040]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Ntdec.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 041|041]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Ntdec.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 041|041]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 042|042]] | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 042|042]] | ||
Line 94: | Line 99: | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon TXC.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 061|061]] | | [[File:Mfr icon TXC.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 061|061]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 062|062]] | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 062|062]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Ntdec.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 063|063]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Tengen.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 064|064]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Tengen.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 064|064]] | ||
Line 114: | Line 119: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Taito.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 080|080]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Taito.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 080|080]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Ntdec.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 081|081]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Taito.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 082|082]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Taito.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 082|082]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Cony.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 083|083]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Cony.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 083|083]] | ||
Line 135: | Line 140: | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 099|099]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 099|099]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon tools.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 100|100]] | | [[File:Mfr icon tools.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 100|100]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 101|101]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 102|102]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 103|103]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 103|103]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Codemasters.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 104|104]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Codemasters.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 104|104]] | ||
Line 143: | Line 148: | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 107|107]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 107|107]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 108|108]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 108|108]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 109|109]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 110|110]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 111|111]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Ntdec.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 112|112]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Ntdec.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 112|112]] | ||
Line 151: | Line 156: | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 114|114]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 114|114]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon NT.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 115|115]] | | [[File:Mfr icon NT.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 115|115]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Supertone.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 116|116]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 117|117]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 117|117]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 118|118]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 118|118]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Rare.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 119|119]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Rare.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 119|119]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 120|120]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 120|120]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon NT.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 121|121]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 122|122]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 123|123]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 123|123]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 124|124]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 125|125]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 126|126]] | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 126|126]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 127|127]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 128|128]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 129|129]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 130|130]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 131|131]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon TXC.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 132|132]] | | [[File:Mfr icon TXC.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 132|132]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 133|133]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 133|133]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 134|134]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 134|134]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 135|135]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 136|136]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 136|136]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 137|137]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 137|137]] | ||
Line 183: | Line 188: | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon AGCI.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 144|144]] | | [[File:Mfr icon AGCI.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 144|144]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 145|145]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 145|145]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 146|146]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 147|147]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 147|147]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 148|148]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 148|148]] | ||
Line 198: | Line 203: | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Bandai.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 159|159]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Bandai.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 159|159]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 160|160]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 161|161]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 162|162]] | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 162|162]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Nanjing.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 163|163]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Nanjing.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 163|163]] | ||
Line 207: | Line 212: | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Subor.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 167|167]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Subor.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 167|167]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Racermate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 168|168]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Racermate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 168|168]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 169|169]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 170|170]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 170|170]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 171|171]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 171|171]] | ||
Line 218: | Line 223: | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 177|177]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 177|177]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Waixing.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 178|178]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Waixing.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 178|178]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 179|179]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Nichibutsu.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 180|180]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Nichibutsu.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 180|180]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 181|181]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 182|182]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 182|182]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 183|183]] | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 183|183]] | ||
Line 229: | Line 234: | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Bandai.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 188|188]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Bandai.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 188|188]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon TXC.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 189|189]] | | [[File:Mfr icon TXC.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 189|189]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Zemina.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 190|190]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Waixing.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 191|191]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Waixing.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 191|191]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 246: | Line 251: | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 204|204]] | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 204|204]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 205|205]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 205|205]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Namco | | [[File:Mfr icon Namco.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 206|206]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Taito.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 207|207]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Taito.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 207|207]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Supertone.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 208|208]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 209|209]] | | [[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 209|209]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Namco.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 210|210]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Namco.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 210|210]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 211|211]] | | [[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 211|211]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 212|212]] | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 212|212]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 213|213]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 214|214]] | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 214|214]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Realtec.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 215|215]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 216|216]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 216|216]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 217|217]] | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 217|217]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 218|218]] | | [[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 218|218]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon NT.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 219|219]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon tools.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 220|220]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Ntdec.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 221|221]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 222|222]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 223|223]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Jncota.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 224|224]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 225|225]] | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 225|225]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 226|226]] | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 226|226]] | ||
Line 291: | Line 296: | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon CnE.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 246|246]] | | [[File:Mfr icon CnE.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 246|246]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 247|247]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 247|247]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 248|248]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Waixing.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 249|249]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Waixing.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 249|249]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 250|250]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 250|250]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 251|251]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Waixing.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 252|252]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Waixing.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 252|252]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon | | [[File:Mfr icon Waixing.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 253|253]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 254|254]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 254|254]] | ||
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 255|255]] | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 255|255]] | ||
Line 304: | Line 309: | ||
Nintendo-made boards with numerous publishers get the Nintendo icon; Nintendo-made boards dominated by one publisher get that publisher's icon. | Nintendo-made boards with numerous publishers get the Nintendo icon; Nintendo-made boards dominated by one publisher get that publisher's icon. | ||
Other icons refer to status: | Other icons refer to status: | ||
* [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] | * [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] Duplicate mappers assigned by mistake. | ||
* [[File:Mfr icon tools.png|16px]] | * [[File:Mfr icon tools.png|16px]] Mappers reserved for use by tools, such as emulator internal use or private use during development of a new mapper. | ||
* [[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] Mappers | * [[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] Mappers created by the NES homebrew scene for cart releases. | ||
* [[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] | * [[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] Mappers for MMC3-based bootleg cartridges, both single-game and multicart. | ||
* [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] Mappers | * [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] Mappers for non-MMC3-based bootleg cartridges, both single-game and multicart. | ||
* [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] Mappers for which we have some information but no identified manufacturer. | * [[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] Mappers for which we have some information but no identified manufacturer. | ||
* [[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] Mappers that are not yet documented on this wiki. Do not assume undocumented mappers are currently unassigned; consult the Nestopia and | * [[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] Mappers that are not yet documented on this wiki. Do not assume undocumented mappers are currently unassigned; consult the source code for well-used emulators like [https://github.com/rdanbrook/nestopia Nestopia], [http://sourceforge.net/p/fceultra/code/ FCEUX], [https://github.com/SourMesen/Mesen Mesen], [http://www.qmtpro.com/~nes/nintendulator/ Nintendulator] and [http://unlicensed.games/libg/static.php?page=NintendulatorNRS NintendulatorNRS] | ||
<!-- | <!-- | ||
Line 329: | Line 334: | ||
--> | --> | ||
== | == Plane 1 == | ||
Plane 1 (NES 2.0 mappers 256-511) | Plane 1 (NES 2.0 mappers 256-511) | ||
{| class="tabular" | {| class="tabular" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:Mfr_icon_VRT.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 256|256]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 257|257]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 258|258]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 259|259]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 260|260]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 261|261]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 262|262]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 263|263]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Cony.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 264|264]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 265|265]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 266|266]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 267|267]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 268|268]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 269|269]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 270|270]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon TXC.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 271|271]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 272|272]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 273|273]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 274|274]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 275|275]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 275|275]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 276|276]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 276|276]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 277|277]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 278|278]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 278|278]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 279|279]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 279|279]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 280|280]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 281|281]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 282|282]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 283|283]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 284|284]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 285|285]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Waixing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 286|286]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 287|287]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 288|288]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 289|289]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Ntdec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 290|290]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon NT.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 291|291]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 292|292]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 293|293]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 294|294]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 295|295]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:Mfr_icon_VRT.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 296|296]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon TXC.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 297|297]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Ntdec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 298|298]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon TXC.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 299|299]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 300|300]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 301|301]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 302|302]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 303|303]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 304|304]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 305|305]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 306|306]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 307|307]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 308|308]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 309|309]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 310|310]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 310|310]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 311|311]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 312|312]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 313|313]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 314|314]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 315|315]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 316|316]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 316|316]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 317|317]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 317|317]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 318|318]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 318|318]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 319|319]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 320|320]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 321|321]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 321|321]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 322|322]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 323|323]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 324|324]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 325|325]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 326|326]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 327|327]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 328|328]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 329|329]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 330|330]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 331|331]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 332|332]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 333|333]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 334|334]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 335|335]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 336|336]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 337|337]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 338|338]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 339|339]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 340|340]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 341|341]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 342|342]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 343|343]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 343|343]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 344|344]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 345|345]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 346|346]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 347|347]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 348|348]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 349|349]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 350|350]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 351|351]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 352|352]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 353|353]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 354|354]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 355|355]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 356|356]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon BitCorp.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 357|357]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 358|358]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 359|359]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon BitCorp.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 360|360]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 361|361]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 362|362]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 363|363]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 364|364]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Ntdec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 365|365]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 366|366]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 367|367]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 367|367]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 368|368]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 369|369]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 369|369]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 370|370]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 370|370]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 371|371]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 372|372]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 373|373]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 374|374]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 375|375]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 376|376]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 377|377]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 378|378]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 379|379]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 380|380]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 381|381]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 382|382]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 383|383]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 384|384]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Ntdec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 385|385]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 386|386]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 387|387]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 388|388]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Ntdec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 389|389]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 390|390]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 391|391]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 392|392]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 392|392]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 393|393]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 393|393]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Realtec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 394|394]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Realtec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 395|395]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 396|396]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 397|397]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 398|398]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 399|399]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 400|400]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 401|401]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 402|402]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 403|403]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 404|404]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Bandai.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 405|405]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 406|406]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:Mfr_icon_VRT.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 407|407]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Konami.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 408|408]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 409|409]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 410|410]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 411|411]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 412|412]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 413|413]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 414|414]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 415|415]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 416|416]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 417|417]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 418|418]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:Mfr_icon_VRT.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 419|419]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon NT.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 420|420]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 421|421]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 422|422]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Lexibook.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 423|423]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Lexibook.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 424|424]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:Mfr_icon_VRT.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 425|425]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:Mfr_icon_VRT.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 426|426]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Lexibook.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 427|427]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 428|428]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 429|429]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 430|430]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 431|431]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 431|431]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Realtec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 432|432]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Realtec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 433|433]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 434|434]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 435|435]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 435|435]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 436|436]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 436|436]] | ||
Line 535: | Line 537: | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 441|441]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 441|441]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 442|442]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 442|442]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Realtec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 443|443]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Realtec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 444|444]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 445|445]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 445|445]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 446|446]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 446|446]] | ||
Line 611: | Line 613: | ||
{{Mapper Key}} | {{Mapper Key}} | ||
== | == Plane 2 == | ||
Plane 2 (NES 2.0 mappers 512-767) | Plane 2 (NES 2.0 mappers 512-767) | ||
{| class="tabular" | {| class="tabular" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 512|512]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 513|513]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Subor.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 514|514]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Daou.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 515|515]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 516|516]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 517|517]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Subor.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 518|518]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 519|519]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 520|520]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 521|521]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 522|522]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Jncota.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 523|523]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 524|524]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 525|525]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 526|526]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 527|527]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 528|528]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 529|529]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 530|530]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Ntdec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 531|531]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 532|532]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 532|532]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 533|533]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Nanjing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 534|534]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 535|535]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Waixing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 536|536]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Waixing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 537|537]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 538|538]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 539|539]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 540|540]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 540|540]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 541|541]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 542|542]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 543|543]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Waixing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 544|544]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 545|545]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 545|545]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 546|546]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 546|546]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Konami.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 547|547]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 548|548]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 549|549]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 549|549]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 550|550]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Jncota.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 551|551]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Taito.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 552|552]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 553|553]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 554|554]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 555|555]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 556|556]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 557|557]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 558|558]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 559|559]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 559|559]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 560|560]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 560|560]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Bung.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 561|561]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon | |[[File:Mfr icon Venus.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 562|562]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 563|563]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 563|563]] | ||
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 564|564]] | |[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 564|564]] | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{{Mapper Key}} | {{Mapper Key}} | ||
== Common mappers for homebrewers == | |||
*[[NROM]]: About the simplest mapper there is; 32K PRG and 8K CHR. Most beginners start with this. | |||
*[[UxROM]], [[BxROM]]: CHR RAM plus PRG bank switching. These are simple and cheap cartridge boards that hold far more memory than NROM. | |||
*[[MMC1]], [[MMC3]]: These mappers provide finely grained bank switching and features such as scanline counters. Their design involves an ASIC, which makes them more complicated and expensive than other mappers. | |||
== Unassigned mappers == | |||
Some mappers which have some documentation but are currently unassigned: | |||
* [[4-in-1 multicart]] | |||
* [[4-in-1 multicart (UNROM/ANROM)]] | |||
* [[6 in 1 (MMC3 + CNROM + NROM)]] | |||
* [[Gimmick VRC4 Hack]] | |||
* [[MMC3 + NROM multicart]] | |||
* [[Pirate FME7]] | |||
* [[Rinco's 2500-in-1 / 1500-in-1 multicart cartridge]] | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
Line 898: | Line 912: | ||
* Others: [[Color Dreams]], [[Namco 163]] with [[Namco 163 audio|audio]], [[NINA-001]], [[NINA-003-006|NINA-03/06]], [[SUBOR]], [[Sunsoft FME-7]] with [[Sunsoft 5B audio|audio (Sunsoft 5B)]] | * Others: [[Color Dreams]], [[Namco 163]] with [[Namco 163 audio|audio]], [[NINA-001]], [[NINA-003-006|NINA-03/06]], [[SUBOR]], [[Sunsoft FME-7]] with [[Sunsoft 5B audio|audio (Sunsoft 5B)]] | ||
*[[List of mappers]] with board names | *[[List of mappers]] with board names | ||
*[[List of mappers by Release Date]] | |||
*[[:Category:Discrete logic mappers|List of discrete logic mappers]] | *[[:Category:Discrete logic mappers|List of discrete logic mappers]] | ||
*[[:Category:INES Mappers|List of iNES mapper numbers]] | *[[:Category:INES Mappers|List of iNES mapper numbers]] | ||
* [[Comparison of Nintendo mappers]] | * [[Comparison of Nintendo mappers]] | ||
* [[List of mappers|List of mapper names and corresponding iNES mapper numbers]] | * [[List of mappers|List of mapper names and corresponding iNES mapper numbers]] | ||
* [[NES 2.0 submappers]] | |||
* [[Hardware pinout]], including mapper pinouts | * [[Hardware pinout]], including mapper pinouts | ||
Line 911: | Line 927: | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
* [http://www.romhacking.net/ | * [http://www.romhacking.net/documents/362/ Disch's detailed list of over 50 mappers] at romhacking.net | ||
* [http://kevtris.org/Projects/console/mappers/ Kevtris's mapper checklist] as implemented in his FPGA NES | * [http://kevtris.org/Projects/console/mappers/ Kevtris's mapper checklist] as implemented in his FPGA NES | ||
[[Category:Mappers|*]] | [[Category:Mappers|*]] |
Latest revision as of 01:54, 18 January 2023
NES games come in cartridges, and inside of those cartridges are various circuits and hardware. Different games use different circuits and hardware, and the configuration and capabilities of such cartridges is commonly called their mapper. Mappers are designed to extend the system and bypass its limitations, such as by adding RAM to the cartridge or even extra sound channels. More commonly though, mappers are designed to allow games larger than 40K to be made.
The term "mapper" arises from the concept of memory mapping: translating memory hardware into the CPU's and PPU's address spaces. A memory map describes which addresses correspond to which physical locations of memory.
Common capabilities
Multiple functions can be performed by the hardware and circuitry on a cartridge's printed circuit board:
- Mapping of the CHR and PRG chips into the NES's address space, which may be expanded by…
- (often) Bank switching: dynamically changing the memory mapping of cartridge memory into the NES's address spaces. By doing so, the cartridge may have more data than the address space would allow, allowing larger games to be made.
- (often) Using a battery-backed volatile RAM chip, or rarely an EEPROM, to maintain save data between play sessions
- (always) Nametable Mirroring: controlling which way the nametables are arranged, as the NES only has two nametables' worth of CIRAM but four tables addressed.
- (rarely) Providing cartridge-side CHR-RAM or ROM to supplement or replace the nametable CIRAM (4-Screen mirroring).
- (commonly) Generating interrupts, especially ones timed to occur when the PPU reaches a certain scanlines.
- (rarely) Providing additional sound-generation. The Famicom sent its audio through the cartridge port to allow the cartridge to mix in additional channels; the NES does not without modification.
- (rarely) Altering how the attribute table is mapped to provide finer attribute control.
- (rarely) Other sundry functions like fast multiplication.
Most mappers fall into one of two categories: discrete logic, and ASIC based. Some discrete logic mappers are susceptible to bus conflicts. Nintendo uses the term Memory Management Controller (or MMC for short) for its ASIC mappers ("Why Game Paks Never Forget" article in Nintendo Power) (note: it may have originally stood for "Multi Memory Controller", at least according to Japanese), while Konami's ASIC mappers use the name Virtual ROM Controller (or VRC).
Naming scheme
Discrete logic mappers are often referred to by the name of a board that they are commonly used in (e.g. "UNROM"). ASIC mappers are named after the ASIC (e.g. "MMC1" or "FME-7"), except in boards that use an ASIC in an unusual way (such as "TQROM", "TLSROM", or "NES-EVENT"). The emulation community generally refers to mappers by a numbering scheme that originated with the iNES emulator (e.g. "mapper 002"). Some mappers that were assigned the same iNES number later received a submapper designation in NES 2.0 to disambiguate their differences.
The notation used in Disch's docs describing mappers is explained here.
To allocate a mapper number, you should have A. a hardware implementation or B. an emulator implementation and a sketch of hardware. You should also have a publicly-available dump of an existing commercial cart or most of a homebrew game written.
iNES 1.0 mapper grid
This is the plane 0 table. These mappers do not require a NES 2.0 header.
Most icons next to mapper numbers refer to publishers. Nintendo-made boards with numerous publishers get the Nintendo icon; Nintendo-made boards dominated by one publisher get that publisher's icon. Other icons refer to status:
- Duplicate mappers assigned by mistake.
- Mappers reserved for use by tools, such as emulator internal use or private use during development of a new mapper.
- Mappers created by the NES homebrew scene for cart releases.
- Mappers for MMC3-based bootleg cartridges, both single-game and multicart.
- Mappers for non-MMC3-based bootleg cartridges, both single-game and multicart.
- Mappers for which we have some information but no identified manufacturer.
- Mappers that are not yet documented on this wiki. Do not assume undocumented mappers are currently unassigned; consult the source code for well-used emulators like Nestopia, FCEUX, Mesen, Nintendulator and NintendulatorNRS
Plane 1
Plane 1 (NES 2.0 mappers 256-511)
Key |
---|
|
Plane 2
Plane 2 (NES 2.0 mappers 512-767)
Key |
---|
|
Common mappers for homebrewers
- NROM: About the simplest mapper there is; 32K PRG and 8K CHR. Most beginners start with this.
- UxROM, BxROM: CHR RAM plus PRG bank switching. These are simple and cheap cartridge boards that hold far more memory than NROM.
- MMC1, MMC3: These mappers provide finely grained bank switching and features such as scanline counters. Their design involves an ASIC, which makes them more complicated and expensive than other mappers.
Unassigned mappers
Some mappers which have some documentation but are currently unassigned:
- 4-in-1 multicart
- 4-in-1 multicart (UNROM/ANROM)
- 6 in 1 (MMC3 + CNROM + NROM)
- Gimmick VRC4 Hack
- MMC3 + NROM multicart
- Pirate FME7
- Rinco's 2500-in-1 / 1500-in-1 multicart cartridge
See also
- Nintendo: MMC1, MMC2, MMC3, MMC4, MMC5 with audio, MMC6
- Konami: VRC1, VRC2, VRC3, VRC4, VRC6 with audio, VRC7 with audio, VRC IRQs
- Others: Color Dreams, Namco 163 with audio, NINA-001, NINA-03/06, SUBOR, Sunsoft FME-7 with audio (Sunsoft 5B)
- List of mappers with board names
- List of mappers by Release Date
- List of discrete logic mappers
- List of iNES mapper numbers
- Comparison of Nintendo mappers
- List of mapper names and corresponding iNES mapper numbers
- NES 2.0 submappers
- Hardware pinout, including mapper pinouts
References
- Nintendulator source code
- Nestopia source code
- FCEUX source code
- Planes proposal
External links
- Disch's detailed list of over 50 mappers at romhacking.net
- Kevtris's mapper checklist as implemented in his FPGA NES