Mapper: Difference between revisions

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(Updated the broken link to Disch's list of mappers over romhacking.net)
(explain submappers)
 
(8 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
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ASIC mappers are named after the ASIC (e.g. "MMC1" or "FME-7"), except in boards that use an ASIC in an unusual way (such as "TQROM", "TLSROM", or "NES-EVENT").
ASIC mappers are named after the ASIC (e.g. "MMC1" or "FME-7"), except in boards that use an ASIC in an unusual way (such as "TQROM", "TLSROM", or "NES-EVENT").
The emulation community generally refers to mappers by a numbering scheme that originated with the [[iNES]] emulator (e.g. "mapper 002").
The emulation community generally refers to mappers by a numbering scheme that originated with the [[iNES]] emulator (e.g. "mapper 002").
Some mappers that were assigned the same iNES number later received a [[submapper]] designation in [[NES 2.0]] to disambiguate their differences.


The notation used in Disch's docs describing mappers is explained [[INES_Mapper_DischDocs|here]].
The notation used in Disch's docs describing mappers is explained [[INES_Mapper_DischDocs|here]].
Line 258: Line 259:
| [[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 211|211]]
| [[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 211|211]]
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 212|212]]
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 212|212]]
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 213|213]]
| [[File:Mfr icon Bad.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 213|213]]
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 214|214]]
| [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 214|214]]
| [[File:Mfr icon Realtec.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 215|215]]
| [[File:Mfr icon Realtec.png|16px]] [[INES Mapper 215|215]]
Line 360: Line 361:
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 275|275]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 275|275]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 276|276]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 276|276]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 277|277]]
|[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 277|277]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 278|278]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 278|278]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 279|279]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 279|279]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 280|280]]
|[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 280|280]]
|[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 281|281]]
|[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 281|281]]
|[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 282|282]]
|[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 282|282]]
Line 492: Line 493:
|-
|-
|[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 400|400]]
|[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 400|400]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 401|401]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 401|401]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 402|402]]
|[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 402|402]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 403|403]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Sachen.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 403|403]]
|[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 404|404]]
|[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 404|404]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 405|405]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Bandai.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 405|405]]
|[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 406|406]]
|[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 406|406]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 407|407]]
|[[File:Mfr_icon_VRT.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 407|407]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Konami.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 408|408]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Konami.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 408|408]]
|[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 409|409]]
|[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 409|409]]
Line 505: Line 506:
|[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 412|412]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 412|412]]
|[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 413|413]]
|[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 413|413]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 414|414]]
|[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 414|414]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 415|415]]
|[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 415|415]]
|-
|-
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 416|416]]
|[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 416|416]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 417|417]]
|[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 417|417]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 418|418]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 418|418]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 419|419]]
|[[File:Mfr_icon_VRT.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 419|419]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 420|420]]
|[[File:Mfr icon NT.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 420|420]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 421|421]]
|[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 421|421]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 422|422]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 422|422]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 423|423]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Lexibook.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 423|423]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 424|424]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Lexibook.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 424|424]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 425|425]]
|[[File:Mfr_icon_VRT.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 425|425]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 426|426]]
|[[File:Mfr_icon_VRT.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 426|426]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 427|427]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Lexibook.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 427|427]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 428|428]]
|[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 428|428]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 429|429]]
|[[File:Mfr icon homebrew.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 429|429]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 430|430]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 430|430]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 431|431]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 431|431]]
|-
|-
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 432|432]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Realtec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 432|432]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 433|433]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Realtec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 433|433]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 434|434]]
|[[File:Mfr icon pirate.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 434|434]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 435|435]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 435|435]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 436|436]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 436|436]]
Line 536: Line 537:
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 441|441]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 441|441]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 442|442]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 442|442]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 443|443]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Realtec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 443|443]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 444|444]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Realtec.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 444|444]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 445|445]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 445|445]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 446|446]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 446|446]]
Line 663: Line 664:
|[[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 555|555]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 555|555]]
|[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 556|556]]
|[[File:Mfr icon JYCompany.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 556|556]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 557|557]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Kaiser.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 557|557]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 558|558]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Generic.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 558|558]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 559|559]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 559|559]]
|-
|-
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 560|560]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 560|560]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 561|561]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Bung.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 561|561]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 562|562]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Venus.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 562|562]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 563|563]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 563|563]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 564|564]]
|[[File:Mfr icon Missing.png|16px]] [[NES 2.0 Mapper 564|564]]
Line 894: Line 895:
*[[UxROM]], [[BxROM]]: CHR RAM plus PRG bank switching. These are simple and cheap cartridge boards that hold far more memory than NROM.
*[[UxROM]], [[BxROM]]: CHR RAM plus PRG bank switching. These are simple and cheap cartridge boards that hold far more memory than NROM.
*[[MMC1]], [[MMC3]]: These mappers provide finely grained bank switching and features such as scanline counters. Their design involves an ASIC, which makes them more complicated and expensive than other mappers.
*[[MMC1]], [[MMC3]]: These mappers provide finely grained bank switching and features such as scanline counters. Their design involves an ASIC, which makes them more complicated and expensive than other mappers.
== Unassigned mappers ==
Some mappers which have some documentation but are currently unassigned:
* [[4-in-1 multicart]]
* [[4-in-1 multicart (UNROM/ANROM)]]
* [[6 in 1 (MMC3 + CNROM + NROM)]]
* [[Gimmick VRC4 Hack]]
* [[MMC3 + NROM multicart]]
* [[Pirate FME7]]
* [[Rinco's 2500-in-1 / 1500-in-1 multicart cartridge]]


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 905: Line 917:
* [[Comparison of Nintendo mappers]]
* [[Comparison of Nintendo mappers]]
* [[List of mappers|List of mapper names and corresponding iNES mapper numbers]]
* [[List of mappers|List of mapper names and corresponding iNES mapper numbers]]
* [[NES 2.0 submappers]]
* [[Hardware pinout]], including mapper pinouts
* [[Hardware pinout]], including mapper pinouts


Latest revision as of 01:54, 18 January 2023

NES games come in cartridges, and inside of those cartridges are various circuits and hardware. Different games use different circuits and hardware, and the configuration and capabilities of such cartridges is commonly called their mapper. Mappers are designed to extend the system and bypass its limitations, such as by adding RAM to the cartridge or even extra sound channels. More commonly though, mappers are designed to allow games larger than 40K to be made.

The term "mapper" arises from the concept of memory mapping: translating memory hardware into the CPU's and PPU's address spaces. A memory map describes which addresses correspond to which physical locations of memory.

Common capabilities

Multiple functions can be performed by the hardware and circuitry on a cartridge's printed circuit board:

  • Mapping of the CHR and PRG chips into the NES's address space, which may be expanded by…
    • (often) Bank switching: dynamically changing the memory mapping of cartridge memory into the NES's address spaces. By doing so, the cartridge may have more data than the address space would allow, allowing larger games to be made.
    • (often) Using a battery-backed volatile RAM chip, or rarely an EEPROM, to maintain save data between play sessions
  • (always) Nametable Mirroring: controlling which way the nametables are arranged, as the NES only has two nametables' worth of CIRAM but four tables addressed.
    • (rarely) Providing cartridge-side CHR-RAM or ROM to supplement or replace the nametable CIRAM (4-Screen mirroring).
  • (commonly) Generating interrupts, especially ones timed to occur when the PPU reaches a certain scanlines.
  • (rarely) Providing additional sound-generation. The Famicom sent its audio through the cartridge port to allow the cartridge to mix in additional channels; the NES does not without modification.
  • (rarely) Altering how the attribute table is mapped to provide finer attribute control.
  • (rarely) Other sundry functions like fast multiplication.

Most mappers fall into one of two categories: discrete logic, and ASIC based. Some discrete logic mappers are susceptible to bus conflicts. Nintendo uses the term Memory Management Controller (or MMC for short) for its ASIC mappers ("Why Game Paks Never Forget" article in Nintendo Power) (note: it may have originally stood for "Multi Memory Controller", at least according to Japanese), while Konami's ASIC mappers use the name Virtual ROM Controller (or VRC).

Naming scheme

Discrete logic mappers are often referred to by the name of a board that they are commonly used in (e.g. "UNROM"). ASIC mappers are named after the ASIC (e.g. "MMC1" or "FME-7"), except in boards that use an ASIC in an unusual way (such as "TQROM", "TLSROM", or "NES-EVENT"). The emulation community generally refers to mappers by a numbering scheme that originated with the iNES emulator (e.g. "mapper 002"). Some mappers that were assigned the same iNES number later received a submapper designation in NES 2.0 to disambiguate their differences.

The notation used in Disch's docs describing mappers is explained here.

To allocate a mapper number, you should have A. a hardware implementation or B. an emulator implementation and a sketch of hardware. You should also have a publicly-available dump of an existing commercial cart or most of a homebrew game written.

iNES 1.0 mapper grid

This is the plane 0 table. These mappers do not require a NES 2.0 header.

Mfr icon Nintendo.png 000 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 001 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 002 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 003 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 004 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 005 Mfr icon Front.png 006 Mfr icon Rare.png 007 Mfr icon Front.png 008 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 009 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 010 Mfr icon Color Dreams.png 011 Mfr icon Supertone.png 012 Mfr icon THQ.png 013 Mfr icon Supertone.png 014 Mfr icon pirate.png 015
Mfr icon Bandai.png 016 Mfr icon Front.png 017 Mfr icon Jaleco.png 018 Mfr icon Namco.png 019 Mfr icon tools.png 020 Mfr icon Konami.png 021 Mfr icon Konami.png 022 Mfr icon Konami.png 023 Mfr icon Konami.png 024 Mfr icon Konami.png 025 Mfr icon Konami.png 026 Mfr icon Generic.png 027 Mfr icon homebrew.png 028 Mfr icon homebrew.png 029 Mfr icon homebrew.png 030 Mfr icon homebrew.png 031
Mfr icon Irem.png 032 Mfr icon Taito.png 033 Mfr icon Irem AVE.png 034 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 035 Mfr icon TXC.png 036 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 037 Mfr icon BitCorp.png 038 Mfr icon Bad.png 039 Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png 040 Mfr icon Ntdec.png 041 Mfr icon pirate.png 042 Mfr icon pirate.png 043 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 044 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 045 Mfr icon Color Dreams.png 046 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 047
Mfr icon Taito.png 048 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 049 Mfr icon pirate.png 050 Mfr icon pirate.png 051 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 052 Mfr icon pirate.png 053 Mfr icon Generic.png 054 Mfr icon pirate.png 055 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 056 Mfr icon pirate.png 057 Mfr icon pirate.png 058 Mfr icon Generic.png 059 Mfr icon pirate.png 060 Mfr icon TXC.png 061 Mfr icon pirate.png 062 Mfr icon Ntdec.png 063
Mfr icon Tengen.png 064 Mfr icon Irem.png 065 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 066 Mfr icon Sunsoft.png 067 Mfr icon Sunsoft.png 068 Mfr icon Sunsoft.png 069 Mfr icon Bandai.png 070 Mfr icon Codemasters.png 071 Mfr icon Jaleco.png 072 Mfr icon Konami.png 073 Mfr icon Waixing.png 074 Mfr icon Konami.png 075 Mfr icon Namco.png 076 Mfr icon Irem.png 077 Mfr icon Irem.png 078 Mfr icon AVE.png 079
Mfr icon Taito.png 080 Mfr icon Ntdec.png 081 Mfr icon Taito.png 082 Mfr icon Cony.png 083 Mfr icon Bad.png 084 Mfr icon Konami.png 085 Mfr icon Jaleco.png 086 Mfr icon Jaleco.png 087 Mfr icon Namco.png 088 Mfr icon Sunsoft.png 089 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 090 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 091 Mfr icon Jaleco.png 092 Mfr icon Sunsoft.png 093 Mfr icon Capcom.png 094 Mfr icon Namco.png 095
Mfr icon Bandai.png 096 Mfr icon Irem.png 097 Mfr icon Missing.png 098 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 099 Mfr icon tools.png 100 Mfr icon Bad.png 101 Mfr icon Bad.png 102 Mfr icon Generic.png 103 Mfr icon Codemasters.png 104 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 105 Mfr icon pirate.png 106 Mfr icon Generic.png 107 Mfr icon Generic.png 108 Mfr icon Bad.png 109 Mfr icon Bad.png 110 Mfr icon homebrew.png 111
Mfr icon Ntdec.png 112 Mfr icon AVE.png 113 Mfr icon Generic.png 114 Mfr icon NT.png 115 Mfr icon Supertone.png 116 Mfr icon Generic.png 117 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 118 Mfr icon Rare.png 119 Mfr icon Generic.png 120 Mfr icon NT.png 121 Mfr icon Bad.png 122 Mfr icon Generic.png 123 Mfr icon pirate.png 124 Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png 125 Mfr icon pirate.png 126 Mfr icon pirate.png 127
Mfr icon pirate.png 128 Mfr icon Bad.png 129 Mfr icon Bad.png 130 Mfr icon Bad.png 131 Mfr icon TXC.png 132 Mfr icon Sachen.png 133 Mfr icon Generic.png 134 Mfr icon Bad.png 135 Mfr icon Sachen.png 136 Mfr icon Sachen.png 137 Mfr icon Sachen.png 138 Mfr icon Sachen.png 139 Mfr icon Jaleco.png 140 Mfr icon Sachen.png 141 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 142 Mfr icon Sachen.png 143
Mfr icon AGCI.png 144 Mfr icon Sachen.png 145 Mfr icon Bad.png 146 Mfr icon Sachen.png 147 Mfr icon Sachen.png 148 Mfr icon Sachen.png 149 Mfr icon Sachen.png 150 Mfr icon Bad.png 151 Mfr icon Bandai.png 152 Mfr icon Bandai.png 153 Mfr icon Namco.png 154 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 155 Mfr icon Daou.png 156 Mfr icon Bandai.png 157 Mfr icon Tengen.png 158 Mfr icon Bandai.png 159
Mfr icon Bad.png 160 Mfr icon Bad.png 161 Mfr icon pirate.png 162 Mfr icon Nanjing.png 163 Mfr icon Waixing.png 164 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 165 Mfr icon Subor.png 166 Mfr icon Subor.png 167 Mfr icon Racermate.png 168 Mfr icon pirate.png 169 Mfr icon Generic.png 170 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 171 Mfr icon TXC.png 172 Mfr icon TXC.png 173 Mfr icon Ntdec.png 174 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 175
Mfr icon Waixing.png 176 Mfr icon Generic.png 177 Mfr icon Waixing.png 178 Mfr icon Bad.png 179 Mfr icon Nichibutsu.png 180 Mfr icon Bad.png 181 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 182 Mfr icon pirate.png 183 Mfr icon Sunsoft.png 184 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 185 Mfr icon Generic.png 186 Mfr icon pirate.png 187 Mfr icon Bandai.png 188 Mfr icon TXC.png 189 Mfr icon Zemina.png 190 Mfr icon Waixing.png 191
Mfr icon Waixing.png 192 Mfr icon Ntdec.png 193 Mfr icon Waixing.png 194 Mfr icon Waixing.png 195 Mfr icon pirate.png 196 Mfr icon pirate.png 197 Mfr icon Waixing.png 198 Mfr icon Waixing.png 199 Mfr icon pirate.png 200 Mfr icon pirate.png 201 Mfr icon pirate.png 202 Mfr icon pirate.png 203 Mfr icon pirate.png 204 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 205 Mfr icon Namco.png 206 Mfr icon Taito.png 207
Mfr icon Supertone.png 208 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 209 Mfr icon Namco.png 210 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 211 Mfr icon pirate.png 212 Mfr icon Bad.png 213 Mfr icon pirate.png 214 Mfr icon Realtec.png 215 Mfr icon Generic.png 216 Mfr icon pirate.png 217 Mfr icon homebrew.png 218 Mfr icon NT.png 219 Mfr icon tools.png 220 Mfr icon Ntdec.png 221 Mfr icon pirate.png 222 Mfr icon Bad.png 223
Mfr icon Jncota.png 224 Mfr icon pirate.png 225 Mfr icon pirate.png 226 Mfr icon Generic.png 227 Mfr icon Active.png 228 Mfr icon pirate.png 229 Mfr icon pirate.png 230 Mfr icon pirate.png 231 Mfr icon Codemasters.png 232 Mfr icon pirate.png 233 Mfr icon AVE.png 234 Mfr icon pirate.png 235 Mfr icon pirate.png 236 Mfr icon pirate.png 237 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 238 Mfr icon Missing.png 239
Mfr icon CnE.png 240 Mfr icon TXC.png 241 Mfr icon Waixing.png 242 Mfr icon Sachen.png 243 Mfr icon CnE.png 244 Mfr icon Waixing.png 245 Mfr icon CnE.png 246 Mfr icon Missing.png 247 Mfr icon Bad.png 248 Mfr icon Waixing.png 249 Mfr icon Generic.png 250 Mfr icon Bad.png 251 Mfr icon Waixing.png 252 Mfr icon Waixing.png 253 Mfr icon Generic.png 254 Mfr icon pirate.png 255

Most icons next to mapper numbers refer to publishers. Nintendo-made boards with numerous publishers get the Nintendo icon; Nintendo-made boards dominated by one publisher get that publisher's icon. Other icons refer to status:

  • Mfr icon Bad.png Duplicate mappers assigned by mistake.
  • Mfr icon tools.png Mappers reserved for use by tools, such as emulator internal use or private use during development of a new mapper.
  • Mfr icon homebrew.png Mappers created by the NES homebrew scene for cart releases.
  • Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png Mappers for MMC3-based bootleg cartridges, both single-game and multicart.
  • Mfr icon pirate.png Mappers for non-MMC3-based bootleg cartridges, both single-game and multicart.
  • Mfr icon Generic.png Mappers for which we have some information but no identified manufacturer.
  • Mfr icon Missing.png Mappers that are not yet documented on this wiki. Do not assume undocumented mappers are currently unassigned; consult the source code for well-used emulators like Nestopia, FCEUX, Mesen, Nintendulator and NintendulatorNRS


Plane 1

Plane 1 (NES 2.0 mappers 256-511)

Mfr icon VRT.png 256 Mfr icon Generic.png 257 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 258 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 259 Mfr icon pirate.png 260 Mfr icon pirate.png 261 Mfr icon Sachen.png 262 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 263 Mfr icon Cony.png 264 Mfr icon pirate.png 265 Mfr icon pirate.png 266 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 267 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 268 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 269 Mfr icon pirate.png 270 Mfr icon TXC.png 271
Mfr icon pirate.png 272 Mfr icon pirate.png 273 Mfr icon pirate.png 274 Mfr icon Missing.png 275 Mfr icon Missing.png 276 Mfr icon pirate.png 277 Mfr icon Missing.png 278 Mfr icon Missing.png 279 Mfr icon pirate.png 280 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 281 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 282 Mfr icon pirate.png 283 Mfr icon homebrew.png 284 Mfr icon pirate.png 285 Mfr icon Waixing.png 286 Mfr icon pirate.png 287
Mfr icon pirate.png 288 Mfr icon pirate.png 289 Mfr icon Ntdec.png 290 Mfr icon NT.png 291 Mfr icon Generic.png 292 Mfr icon pirate.png 293 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 294 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 295 Mfr icon VRT.png 296 Mfr icon TXC.png 297 Mfr icon Ntdec.png 298 Mfr icon TXC.png 299 Mfr icon pirate.png 300 Mfr icon pirate.png 301 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 302 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 303
Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png 304 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 305 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 306 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 307 Mfr icon pirate.png 308 Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png 309 Mfr icon Missing.png 310 Mfr icon Bad.png 311 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 312 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 313 Mfr icon pirate.png 314 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 315 Mfr icon Missing.png 316 Mfr icon Missing.png 317 Mfr icon Missing.png 318 Mfr icon pirate.png 319
Mfr icon pirate.png 320 Mfr icon Missing.png 321 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 322 Mfr icon homebrew.png 323 Mfr icon homebrew.png 324 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 325 Mfr icon pirate.png 326 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 327 Mfr icon Generic.png 328 Mfr icon Generic.png 329 Mfr icon Generic.png 330 Mfr icon pirate.png 331 Mfr icon pirate.png 332 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 333 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 334 Mfr icon pirate.png 335
Mfr icon pirate.png 336 Mfr icon pirate.png 337 Mfr icon pirate.png 338 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 339 Mfr icon pirate.png 340 Mfr icon pirate.png 341 Mfr icon homebrew.png 342 Mfr icon Missing.png 343 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 344 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 345 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 346 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 347 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 348 Mfr icon pirate.png 349 Mfr icon pirate.png 350 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 351
Mfr icon Kaiser.png 352 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 353 Mfr icon pirate.png 354 Mfr icon Generic.png 355 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 356 Mfr icon BitCorp.png 357 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 358 Mfr icon Generic.png 359 Mfr icon BitCorp.png 360 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 361 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 362 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 363 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 364 Mfr icon Ntdec.png 365 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 366 Mfr icon Missing.png 367
Mfr icon pirate.png 368 Mfr icon Missing.png 369 Mfr icon Missing.png 370 Mfr icon pirate.png 371 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 372 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 373 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 374 Mfr icon pirate.png 375 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 376 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 377 Mfr icon pirate.png 378 Mfr icon pirate.png 379 Mfr icon pirate.png 380 Mfr icon pirate.png 381 Mfr icon pirate.png 382 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 383
Mfr icon pirate.png 384 Mfr icon Ntdec.png 385 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 386 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 387 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 388 Mfr icon Ntdec.png 389 Mfr icon pirate.png 390 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 391 Mfr icon Missing.png 392 Mfr icon Missing.png 393 Mfr icon Realtec.png 394 Mfr icon Realtec.png 395 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 396 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 397 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 398 Mfr icon homebrew.png 399
Mfr icon homebrew.png 400 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 401 Mfr icon pirate.png 402 Mfr icon Sachen.png 403 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 404 Mfr icon Bandai.png 405 Mfr icon homebrew.png 406 Mfr icon VRT.png 407 Mfr icon Konami.png 408 Mfr icon homebrew.png 409 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 410 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 411 Mfr icon Generic.png 412 Mfr icon homebrew.png 413 Mfr icon pirate.png 414 Mfr icon pirate.png 415
Mfr icon pirate.png 416 Mfr icon pirate.png 417 Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png 418 Mfr icon VRT.png 419 Mfr icon NT.png 420 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 421 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 422 Mfr icon Lexibook.png 423 Mfr icon Lexibook.png 424 Mfr icon VRT.png 425 Mfr icon VRT.png 426 Mfr icon Lexibook.png 427 Mfr icon pirate.png 428 Mfr icon homebrew.png 429 Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png 430 Mfr icon Missing.png 431
Mfr icon Realtec.png 432 Mfr icon Realtec.png 433 Mfr icon pirate.png 434 Mfr icon Missing.png 435 Mfr icon Missing.png 436 Mfr icon Missing.png 437 Mfr icon Missing.png 438 Mfr icon Missing.png 439 Mfr icon Missing.png 440 Mfr icon Missing.png 441 Mfr icon Missing.png 442 Mfr icon Realtec.png 443 Mfr icon Realtec.png 444 Mfr icon Missing.png 445 Mfr icon Missing.png 446 Mfr icon Missing.png 447
Mfr icon Missing.png 448 Mfr icon Missing.png 449 Mfr icon Missing.png 450 Mfr icon Missing.png 451 Mfr icon Missing.png 452 Mfr icon Missing.png 453 Mfr icon Missing.png 454 Mfr icon Missing.png 455 Mfr icon Missing.png 456 Mfr icon Missing.png 457 Mfr icon Missing.png 458 Mfr icon Missing.png 459 Mfr icon Missing.png 460 Mfr icon Missing.png 461 Mfr icon Missing.png 462 Mfr icon Missing.png 463
Mfr icon Missing.png 464 Mfr icon Missing.png 465 Mfr icon Missing.png 466 Mfr icon Missing.png 467 Mfr icon Missing.png 468 Mfr icon Missing.png 469 Mfr icon Missing.png 470 Mfr icon Missing.png 471 Mfr icon Missing.png 472 Mfr icon Missing.png 473 Mfr icon Missing.png 474 Mfr icon Missing.png 475 Mfr icon Missing.png 476 Mfr icon Missing.png 477 Mfr icon Missing.png 478 Mfr icon Missing.png 479
Mfr icon Missing.png 480 Mfr icon Missing.png 481 Mfr icon Missing.png 482 Mfr icon Missing.png 483 Mfr icon Missing.png 484 Mfr icon Missing.png 485 Mfr icon Missing.png 486 Mfr icon Missing.png 487 Mfr icon Missing.png 488 Mfr icon Missing.png 489 Mfr icon Missing.png 490 Mfr icon Missing.png 491 Mfr icon Missing.png 492 Mfr icon Missing.png 493 Mfr icon Missing.png 494 Mfr icon Missing.png 495
Mfr icon Missing.png 496 Mfr icon Missing.png 497 Mfr icon Missing.png 498 Mfr icon Missing.png 499 Mfr icon Missing.png 500 Mfr icon Missing.png 501 Mfr icon Missing.png 502 Mfr icon Missing.png 503 Mfr icon Missing.png 504 Mfr icon Missing.png 505 Mfr icon Missing.png 506 Mfr icon Missing.png 507 Mfr icon Missing.png 508 Mfr icon Missing.png 509 Mfr icon Missing.png 510 Mfr icon Missing.png 511
Key
  • Mfr icon Bad.png Duplicately-assigned mapper
  • Mfr icon tools.png Mapper for internal use by emulators
  • Mfr icon homebrew.png Homebrew mapper
  • Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png Bootleg MMC3-based mapper
  • Mfr icon pirate.png Bootleg non-MMC3-based mapper
  • Mfr icon Generic.png No manufacturer name
  • Mfr icon Missing.png Not yet documented here

Plane 2

Plane 2 (NES 2.0 mappers 512-767)

Mfr icon Sachen.png 512 Mfr icon Sachen.png 513 Mfr icon Subor.png 514 Mfr icon Daou.png 515 Mfr icon Generic.png 516 Mfr icon Generic.png 517 Mfr icon Subor.png 518 Mfr icon pirate.png 519 Mfr icon pirate.png 520 Mfr icon Generic.png 521 Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png 522 Mfr icon Jncota.png 523 Mfr icon pirate.png 524 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 525 Mfr icon pirate.png 526 Mfr icon pirate.png 527
Mfr icon pirate.png 528 Mfr icon pirate.png 529 Mfr icon pirate.png 530 Mfr icon Ntdec.png 531 Mfr icon Missing.png 532 Mfr icon Sachen.png 533 Mfr icon Nanjing.png 534 Mfr icon Whirlwind Manu.png 535 Mfr icon Waixing.png 536 Mfr icon Waixing.png 537 Mfr icon pirate.png 538 Mfr icon pirate.png 539 Mfr icon Missing.png 540 Mfr icon pirate.png 541 Mfr icon pirate.png 542 Mfr icon pirate.png 543
Mfr icon Waixing.png 544 Mfr icon Missing.png 545 Mfr icon Missing.png 546 Mfr icon Konami.png 547 Mfr icon pirate.png 548 Mfr icon Missing.png 549 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 550 Mfr icon Jncota.png 551 Mfr icon Taito.png 552 Mfr icon Sachen.png 553 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 554 Mfr icon Nintendo.png 555 Mfr icon JYCompany.png 556 Mfr icon Kaiser.png 557 Mfr icon Generic.png 558 Mfr icon Missing.png 559
Mfr icon Missing.png 560 Mfr icon Bung.png 561 Mfr icon Venus.png 562 Mfr icon Missing.png 563 Mfr icon Missing.png 564 Mfr icon Missing.png 565 Mfr icon Missing.png 566 Mfr icon Missing.png 567 Mfr icon Missing.png 568 Mfr icon Missing.png 569 Mfr icon Missing.png 570 Mfr icon Missing.png 571 Mfr icon Missing.png 572 Mfr icon Missing.png 573 Mfr icon Missing.png 574 Mfr icon Missing.png 575
Mfr icon Missing.png 576 Mfr icon Missing.png 577 Mfr icon Missing.png 578 Mfr icon Missing.png 579 Mfr icon Missing.png 580 Mfr icon Missing.png 581 Mfr icon Missing.png 582 Mfr icon Missing.png 583 Mfr icon Missing.png 584 Mfr icon Missing.png 585 Mfr icon Missing.png 586 Mfr icon Missing.png 587 Mfr icon Missing.png 588 Mfr icon Missing.png 589 Mfr icon Missing.png 590 Mfr icon Missing.png 591
Mfr icon Missing.png 592 Mfr icon Missing.png 593 Mfr icon Missing.png 594 Mfr icon Missing.png 595 Mfr icon Missing.png 596 Mfr icon Missing.png 597 Mfr icon Missing.png 598 Mfr icon Missing.png 599 Mfr icon Missing.png 600 Mfr icon Missing.png 601 Mfr icon Missing.png 602 Mfr icon Missing.png 603 Mfr icon Missing.png 604 Mfr icon Missing.png 605 Mfr icon Missing.png 606 Mfr icon Missing.png 607
Mfr icon Missing.png 608 Mfr icon Missing.png 609 Mfr icon Missing.png 610 Mfr icon Missing.png 611 Mfr icon Missing.png 612 Mfr icon Missing.png 613 Mfr icon Missing.png 614 Mfr icon Missing.png 615 Mfr icon Missing.png 616 Mfr icon Missing.png 617 Mfr icon Missing.png 618 Mfr icon Missing.png 619 Mfr icon Missing.png 620 Mfr icon Missing.png 621 Mfr icon Missing.png 622 Mfr icon Missing.png 623
Mfr icon Missing.png 624 Mfr icon Missing.png 625 Mfr icon Missing.png 626 Mfr icon Missing.png 627 Mfr icon Missing.png 628 Mfr icon Missing.png 629 Mfr icon Missing.png 630 Mfr icon Missing.png 631 Mfr icon Missing.png 632 Mfr icon Missing.png 633 Mfr icon Missing.png 634 Mfr icon Missing.png 635 Mfr icon Missing.png 636 Mfr icon Missing.png 637 Mfr icon Missing.png 638 Mfr icon Missing.png 639
Mfr icon Missing.png 640 Mfr icon Missing.png 641 Mfr icon Missing.png 642 Mfr icon Missing.png 643 Mfr icon Missing.png 644 Mfr icon Missing.png 645 Mfr icon Missing.png 646 Mfr icon Missing.png 647 Mfr icon Missing.png 648 Mfr icon Missing.png 649 Mfr icon Missing.png 650 Mfr icon Missing.png 651 Mfr icon Missing.png 652 Mfr icon Missing.png 653 Mfr icon Missing.png 654 Mfr icon Missing.png 655
Mfr icon Missing.png 656 Mfr icon Missing.png 657 Mfr icon Missing.png 658 Mfr icon Missing.png 659 Mfr icon Missing.png 660 Mfr icon Missing.png 661 Mfr icon Missing.png 662 Mfr icon Missing.png 663 Mfr icon Missing.png 664 Mfr icon Missing.png 665 Mfr icon Missing.png 666 Mfr icon Missing.png 667 Mfr icon Missing.png 668 Mfr icon Missing.png 669 Mfr icon Missing.png 670 Mfr icon Missing.png 671
Mfr icon Missing.png 672 Mfr icon Missing.png 673 Mfr icon Missing.png 674 Mfr icon Missing.png 675 Mfr icon Missing.png 676 Mfr icon Missing.png 677 Mfr icon Missing.png 678 Mfr icon Missing.png 679 Mfr icon Missing.png 680 Mfr icon Missing.png 681 Mfr icon Missing.png 682 Mfr icon Missing.png 683 Mfr icon Missing.png 684 Mfr icon Missing.png 685 Mfr icon Missing.png 686 Mfr icon Missing.png 687
Mfr icon Missing.png 688 Mfr icon Missing.png 689 Mfr icon Missing.png 690 Mfr icon Missing.png 691 Mfr icon Missing.png 692 Mfr icon Missing.png 693 Mfr icon Missing.png 694 Mfr icon Missing.png 695 Mfr icon Missing.png 696 Mfr icon Missing.png 697 Mfr icon Missing.png 698 Mfr icon Missing.png 699 Mfr icon Missing.png 700 Mfr icon Missing.png 701 Mfr icon Missing.png 702 Mfr icon Missing.png 703
Mfr icon Missing.png 704 Mfr icon Missing.png 705 Mfr icon Missing.png 706 Mfr icon Missing.png 707 Mfr icon Missing.png 708 Mfr icon Missing.png 709 Mfr icon Missing.png 710 Mfr icon Missing.png 711 Mfr icon Missing.png 712 Mfr icon Missing.png 713 Mfr icon Missing.png 714 Mfr icon Missing.png 715 Mfr icon Missing.png 716 Mfr icon Missing.png 717 Mfr icon Missing.png 718 Mfr icon Missing.png 719
Mfr icon Missing.png 720 Mfr icon Missing.png 721 Mfr icon Missing.png 722 Mfr icon Missing.png 723 Mfr icon Missing.png 724 Mfr icon Missing.png 725 Mfr icon Missing.png 726 Mfr icon Missing.png 727 Mfr icon Missing.png 728 Mfr icon Missing.png 729 Mfr icon Missing.png 730 Mfr icon Missing.png 731 Mfr icon Missing.png 732 Mfr icon Missing.png 733 Mfr icon Missing.png 734 Mfr icon Missing.png 735
Mfr icon Missing.png 736 Mfr icon Missing.png 737 Mfr icon Missing.png 738 Mfr icon Missing.png 739 Mfr icon Missing.png 740 Mfr icon Missing.png 741 Mfr icon Missing.png 742 Mfr icon Missing.png 743 Mfr icon Missing.png 744 Mfr icon Missing.png 745 Mfr icon Missing.png 746 Mfr icon Missing.png 747 Mfr icon Missing.png 748 Mfr icon Missing.png 749 Mfr icon Missing.png 750 Mfr icon Missing.png 751
Mfr icon Missing.png 752 Mfr icon Missing.png 753 Mfr icon Missing.png 754 Mfr icon Missing.png 755 Mfr icon Missing.png 756 Mfr icon Missing.png 757 Mfr icon Missing.png 758 Mfr icon Missing.png 759 Mfr icon Missing.png 760 Mfr icon Missing.png 761 Mfr icon Missing.png 762 Mfr icon Missing.png 763 Mfr icon Missing.png 764 Mfr icon Missing.png 765 Mfr icon Missing.png 766 Mfr icon Missing.png 767
Key
  • Mfr icon Bad.png Duplicately-assigned mapper
  • Mfr icon tools.png Mapper for internal use by emulators
  • Mfr icon homebrew.png Homebrew mapper
  • Mfr icon Pirate MMC3.png Bootleg MMC3-based mapper
  • Mfr icon pirate.png Bootleg non-MMC3-based mapper
  • Mfr icon Generic.png No manufacturer name
  • Mfr icon Missing.png Not yet documented here

Common mappers for homebrewers

  • NROM: About the simplest mapper there is; 32K PRG and 8K CHR. Most beginners start with this.
  • UxROM, BxROM: CHR RAM plus PRG bank switching. These are simple and cheap cartridge boards that hold far more memory than NROM.
  • MMC1, MMC3: These mappers provide finely grained bank switching and features such as scanline counters. Their design involves an ASIC, which makes them more complicated and expensive than other mappers.

Unassigned mappers

Some mappers which have some documentation but are currently unassigned:

See also

References

  • Nintendulator source code
  • Nestopia source code
  • FCEUX source code
  • Planes proposal

External links

Retrieved from "https://www.nesdev.org/w/index.php?title=Mapper&oldid=20240"