Mapper: Difference between revisions
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| [[INES Mapper 000|000]] || [[INES Mapper 001|001]] || [[INES Mapper 002|002]] || [[INES Mapper 003|003]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png]] [[INES Mapper 000|000]] || [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png]] [[INES Mapper 001|001]] || [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png]] [[INES Mapper 002|002]] || [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png]] [[INES Mapper 003|003]] | ||
| [[INES Mapper 004|004]] || [[INES Mapper 005|005]] || [[INES Mapper 006|006]] || [[INES Mapper 007|007]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png]] [[INES Mapper 004|004]] || [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png]] [[INES Mapper 005|005]] || [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png]] [[INES Mapper 006|006]] || [[File:Mfr icon Rare.png]] [[INES Mapper 007|007]] | ||
| [[INES Mapper 008|008]] || [[INES Mapper 009|009]] || [[INES Mapper 010|010]] || [[INES Mapper 011|011]] | | [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png]] [[INES Mapper 008|008]] || [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png]] [[INES Mapper 009|009]] || [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png]] [[INES Mapper 010|010]] || [[INES Mapper 011|011]] | ||
| [[INES Mapper 012|012]] || [[INES Mapper 013|013]] || [[INES Mapper 014|014]] || [[INES Mapper 015|015]] | | [[INES Mapper 012|012]] || [[File:Mfr icon Nintendo.png]] [[INES Mapper 013|013]] || [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png]] [[INES Mapper 014|014]] || [[File:Mfr icon pirate.png]] [[INES Mapper 015|015]] | ||
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| [[INES Mapper 016|016]] || [[INES Mapper 017|017]] || [[INES Mapper 018|018]] || [[INES Mapper 019|019]] | | [[INES Mapper 016|016]] || [[INES Mapper 017|017]] || [[INES Mapper 018|018]] || [[INES Mapper 019|019]] | ||
| [[INES Mapper 020|020]] || [[INES Mapper 021|021]] || [[INES Mapper 022|022]] || [[INES Mapper 023|023]] | | [[INES Mapper 020|020]] || [[INES Mapper 021|021]] || [[INES Mapper 022|022]] || [[INES Mapper 023|023]] | ||
| [[INES Mapper 024|024]] || [[INES Mapper 025|025]] || [[INES Mapper 026|026]] || [[INES Mapper 027|027]] | | [[File:Mfr icon Konami.png]] [[INES Mapper 024|024]] || [[INES Mapper 025|025]] || [[INES Mapper 026|026]] || [[INES Mapper 027|027]] | ||
| [[INES Mapper 028|028]] || [[INES Mapper 029|029]] || [[INES Mapper 030|030]] || [[INES Mapper 031|031]] | | [[INES Mapper 028|028]] || [[INES Mapper 029|029]] || [[INES Mapper 030|030]] || [[INES Mapper 031|031]] | ||
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| [[INES Mapper 112|112]] || [[INES Mapper 113|113]] || [[INES Mapper 114|114]] || [[INES Mapper 115|115]] | | [[INES Mapper 112|112]] || [[INES Mapper 113|113]] || [[INES Mapper 114|114]] || [[INES Mapper 115|115]] | ||
| [[INES Mapper 116|116]] || [[INES Mapper 117|117]] || [[INES Mapper 118|118]] || [[INES Mapper 119|119]] | | [[INES Mapper 116|116]] || [[INES Mapper 117|117]] || [[INES Mapper 118|118]] || [[File:Mfr icon Rare.png]] [[INES Mapper 119|119]] | ||
| [[INES Mapper 120|120]] || [[INES Mapper 121|121]] || [[INES Mapper 122|122]] || [[INES Mapper 123|123]] | | [[INES Mapper 120|120]] || [[INES Mapper 121|121]] || [[INES Mapper 122|122]] || [[INES Mapper 123|123]] | ||
| [[INES Mapper 124|124]] || [[INES Mapper 125|125]] || [[INES Mapper 126|126]] || [[INES Mapper 127|127]] | | [[INES Mapper 124|124]] || [[INES Mapper 125|125]] || [[INES Mapper 126|126]] || [[INES Mapper 127|127]] | ||
Revision as of 15:38, 4 October 2012
A mapper is a piece of hardware soldered to a cartridge's printed circuit board that performs address decoding, bank switching, and possibly other tasks. Some mappers can generate interrupts for timing; some Famicom games' mappers even have extra audio channels.
NES cartridges can include extra hardware which allows the use of large program and graphics ROMs and extra features. This extra hardware is usually referred to as a "mapper", as it is used primarily to map the relatively small CPU and PPU address spaces to a portion of the larger address space of the ROM(s) on the cartridge.
Mappers vary in how they translate addresses. The various CPU memory mapping schemes expand the maximum program size above the standard 32 KiB to larger powers of 2, while PPU memory mapping schemes can add new graphic features.
Most mappers fall into one of two categories: discrete logic, and ASIC based. Some discrete logic mappers are susceptible to bus conflicts. Nintendo uses the term Memory Management Controller (or MMC for short) for its ASIC mappers ("Why Game Paks Never Forget" article in Nintendo Power).
Discrete logic mappers are often referred to by the name of a board that they are commonly used in (e.g. "UNROM"). ASIC mappers are named after the ASIC (e.g. "MMC1" or "FME-7"), except in boards that use an ASIC in an unusual way (such as "TQROM", "TLSROM", or "NES-EVENT"). The emulation community generally refers to mappers by a numbering scheme that originated with the iNES emulator (e.g. "mapper 002").
iNES 1.0 mapper grid
See also
- Nintendo: MMC1, MMC2, MMC3, MMC4, MMC5 with audio, MMC6
- Konami: VRC1, VRC2, VRC3, VRC4, VRC6 with audio, VRC7 with audio, VRC irqs
- Others: Color Dreams, Namco 106 with audio, NINA-001, NINA-03/06, SUBOR, Sunsoft FME-7
- List of discrete logic mappers
- List of iNES mapper numbers
- Comparison of Nintendo mappers
- List of mapper names and corresponding iNES mapper numbers
- Hardware pinout, including mapper pinouts
External links
- Disch's detailed list of over 50 mappers at romhacking.net
