NES 2.0 submappers

Submapper is a term used in the NES 2.0 header for 4-bit codes designating functionally distinct variants of iNES mappers that cannot be distinguished by the memory size fields alone. Most emulators using iNES format distinguish these using CRC, SHA-1, or other hashes of the PRG ROM and CHR ROM, but this works only for games published prior to 1997, not for fan translations or ROM hacks, and not for new games on the same mapper.

Submapper 0 represents the default iNES behavour, so that backward compatibility is maintained.

Submapper allocations that are listed as "deprecated" were assigned by kevtris' original proposal, but have no known use cases. The deprecation reserves these unused allocations to maintain continuity and compatibility.

This document is a living specification. Proposals for new submappers should be made at: Proposals.

001: MMC1

Most MMC1 boards are compatible with the standard mapper 1 behavior (submapper 0).

Boards with CHR-RAM usually reuse the CHR banking lines to address other things.

• SUROM, SOROM, and SXROM implement extra PRG-ROM and PRG-RAM banking (submappers 1, 2, 4).
• SNROM implements a redundant PRG-RAM enable (no assigned submapper).

Boards with 32k of PRG-ROM usually have no PRG banking. SEROM, SHROM, SH1ROM (submapper 5).

001: 0

Normal behavior.

001: 1, 2, 4 = SUROM, SOROM, SXROM

Deprecated. Due to the six year lag between the initial release of the NES2.0 specification and the submapper document, emulator authors collectively settled on using the PRG ROM and PRG RAM sizes to detect the correct emulation model. Any use of the deprecated submappers must specify appropriate matching CHR/PRG sizes in the header to be valid.

These three boards used 8k CHR RAM, and reused the CHR banking bits to bank PRG ROM and RAM instead. Because the use of the bits in registers at $A000/C000 depends exclusively on CHR, PRG RAM, and PRG ROM sizes, the specific boards can be detected by these sizes, or simply emulated together in submapper 0:

$A000 and $C000:
4bit0
-----
EDCBA
|||||
||||+- CHR A12
|||+-- CHR A13, if extant
||+--- CHR A14, if extant; and PRG RAM A14, if extant (PRG RAM = 32k, submapper 4)
|+---- CHR A15, if extant; and PRG RAM A13, if extant (PRG RAM >= 16k, submappers 2, 4)
+----- CHR A16, if extant; and PRG ROM A18, if extant (PRG ROM = 512k, submappers 1, 4)

The following games are on SUROM (submapper 1):

• Dragon Warrior III
• Dragon Warrior IV / Dragon Quest IV
• Ninjara Hoi!

SOROM (submapper 2):

• Genghis Khan / Aoki Ookami to Shiroki Mejika: Genghis Khan
• Nobunaga's Ambition / Nobunaga no Yabou: Zenkokuban
• Romance of the Three Kingdoms / Sangokushi

SXROM (submapper 4):

• Final Fantasy I & II
• The Best Play Pro Yakyuu Special
• PR8. If extra RAM is missing, it gives a "DOES NOT WORK IN THIS EMULATOR" error.

001: 3

Deprecated.

This originally described a submapper that was already implemented as iNES Mapper 155.

004: MMC3

iNES Mapper 004 represents the most common boards using these four ICs: early MMC3, late MMC3, MC-ACC, and MMC6.

There are three known kinds of IRQ:

1. MMC3A: IRQ is asserted on A12 rise, and loading the latch with 0 disables IRQ. Some chips labeled MMC3B also have this "old style" behavior. No games are known to rely on this behavior.
2. MMC3C: IRQ is asserted on A12 rise, and loading the latch with 0 produces an IRQ on every scanline. Some chips labeled MMC3B also have this "new style" behavior, as does the MMC6. Some later games rely on this behavior.
3. MC-ACC: IRQ is asserted on A12 fall, typically four pixels later than MMC3C. Interrupts can be produced every scanline, like the MMC3C.

There are two known kinds of PRG RAM enable:

1. MMC3: One set of enable bits controls the entire chip.
2. MMC6: The first and second enables control the first and second half of PRG RAM, and an additional enable in bit 5 of $8000 controls the whole PRG RAM.

The TEROM and TFROM boards have two jumpers that can respectively disable IRQs and force hard-wired mirroring. It is believed that nothing was ever released that used them.

004: 0

Normal. (MMC3C)

004: 1 MMC6

MMC6 has an alternative PRG-RAM enable and write protection scheme designed for its internal 1k PRG RAM.

• StarTropics
• StarTropics 2

004: 2

Deprecated.

This originally described MMC3C with hard wired mirroring. No games are known to require this.

004: 3 MC-ACC

MC-ACC

The MC-ACC is found in 13 second-source PCBs manufactured by Acclaim:

• Alien³
• George Foreman's KO Boxing
• The Incredible Crash Dummies
• Mickey's Safari in Letterland
• Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball
• Rollerblade Racer
• The Simpsons: Bart vs. The World
• The Simpsons: Bartman Meets Radioactive Man
• Spider-Man: Return of the Sinister Six
• T&C Surf Designs 2: Thrilla's Surfari
• T2: Terminator 2: Judgment Day
• WWF King of the Ring
• WWF WrestleMania: Steel Cage Challenge

032: Irem G101

A variation of this mapper requires hardwired one-screen mirroring and entirely ignores writes to $9000.

032: 0

Normal (H/V mapper-controlled mirroring)

032: 1 Major League

CIRAM A10 is tied high (fixed one-screen mirroring) and PRG banking style is fixed as 8+8+16F

• Major League

068: Sunsoft 4

In addition to its normal function, the Sunsoft 4 IC was used in Nantettatte!! Baseball, which allowed a second expansion cartridge to be plugged into it.

068: 0

0: Normal (max 256KiB PRG)

068: 1 Dual Cartridge System

1: Sunsoft Dual Cartridge System a.k.a. NTB-ROM (max 128KiB PRG, licensing IC present, external option ROM of up to 128KiB should be selectable by a second menu)

• Nantettatte!! Baseball

071: Codemasters

Some games use this with 1-screen mirroring, where the mapper's mirroring control bit is wired directly to CIRAM A10. Others have hardwired horizontal or vertical mirroring.

Another variation of this mapper was used in the Quattro multicarts, but these have been reassigned to mapper 232.

071: 0

Hardwired horizontal or vertical mirroring.

071: 1 Fire Hawk

Mapper controlled single-screen mirroring.

• Fire Hawk

078: Cosmo Carrier / Holy Diver

This mapper unfortunately combines two games with incompatible mirroring control.

One game uses this with 1-screen mirroring, where the mapper's mirroring control bit is wired directly to CIRAM A10. The other can switch between horizontal and vertical mirroring, using a multiplexer between PPU A10 and PPU A11 whose output is sent to CIRAM A10.

078: 0

Unspecified.

078: 1 Cosmo Carrier

Single-screen mirroring (nibble-swapped mapper 152).

• Uchuusen: Cosmo Carrier

078: 2

Deprecated.

This described a variation with fixed vertical mirroring, and WRAM. There is no known use case.

078: 3 Holy Diver

Mapper-controlled H/V mirroring.

• Holy Diver

210: Namco 175 and 340

Mapper 210 doesn't distinguish between the 175's hardwired mirroring and 340's 1/H/V mirroring.

Also, previous confusion and compatibility code used by Namco when they were developing games means that many 175- and 340- using games are incorrectly tagged as mapper 19.

210: 0

No advisory statement is made (use runtime heuristics suggested at mapper 210)

210: 1 N175

Namco 175. Hardwired mirroring, no IRQ.

• Famista '91
• Family Circuit '91
• Chibi Maruko-chan: Uki Uki Shopping
• Heisei Tensai Bakabon / Genius Bakabon

210: 2 N340

Namco 340. 1/H/V mirroring, no IRQ, no internal or external RAM.

• Splatterhouse
• Wagyan Land 2
• Famista '92
• Dream Master
• Top Striker
• Wagyan Land 3
• Famista '93
• Famista '94

232: Quattro

Similar to #71 above, with a separate register controlling which 64 KiB outer bank of the PRG ROM is used. This is used for the Quattro multicarts.

The Aladdin Deck Enhancer version of these multicarts used a different banking scheme.

323: 0

0: Normal

232: 1 Aladdin Deck Enhancer

Aladdin Deck Enhancer variation. Swap the bits of the outer bank number.

• Quattro Adventure (Aladdin Deck Enhancer)
• Quattro Sports (Aladdin Deck Enhancer)

References

• Original submapper list by kevtris
• Other definitions by kevtris