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| {{DEFAULTSORT:019}}[[Category:iNES Mappers]][[Category:in NesCartDB]][[Category:Mappers with ROM nametables]] | | {{DEFAULTSORT:019}}[[Category:iNES Mappers]][[Category:in NesCartDB]][[Category:Mappers with ROM nametables]] |
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| These notes are incomplete. Please refer to the notes at [[Namco 163]], which contain more recent research by Naruko.
| | '''iNES Mapper 019''' represents Famicom boards using the [[Namco 163|Namco 129 and 163]] mapper ICs. |
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| ========================
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| = Mapper 019 =
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| = + [[iNES Mapper 210|210]] =
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| ========================
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|
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| aka
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| --------------------------
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| Namco 129
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| [[Namco 163]]
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| Namco 175
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| Namco 340
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|
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|
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|
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| Example Games:
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| --------------------------
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| Digital Devil Story - Megami Tensei 2 (019)
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| Final Lap (019)
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| Rolling Thunder (J) (019)
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| Splatter House (019)
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| Mappy Kids (019)
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| Family Circuit '91 (210)
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| Wagyan Land 2,3 (210)
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| Dream Master (210)
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|
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|
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|
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| General Notes:
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| --------------------------
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| For a while, this mapper number was shared with 210. Therefore, there are a lot of ROMs floating around that
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| are labelled as mapper 019 that are really mapper 210.
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|
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| Mapper 019 can use nametable RAM as CHR-RAM.
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|
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| Mapper 019 has an additional 128 bytes of [[Namco 163 audio|Sound RAM]], which is used for waveform tables and sound
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| registers. Kaijuu Monogatari uses this as battery backed SRAM.
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|
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| The rest of the doc applies to both mapper numbers. Differences between the two (mirroring and sound) will
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| be noted where appropriate.
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|
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|
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| Registers:
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| --------------------------
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|
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| Range,Mask: $4800-FFFF, $F800
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|
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| Writable and Readable:
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| $4800: [DDDD DDDD] Sound Data port (see Sound section for details)
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| (mapper 019 only)
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|
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| $5000: [IIII IIII] Low 8 bits of IRQ counter
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| $5800: [EIII IIII]
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| E = IRQ Enable (0=disabled, 1=enabled)
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| I = High 7 bits of IRQ counter
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|
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|
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|
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| $6000-7FFF: mapped to PRG-RAM, not registers
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|
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| Writable only:
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| $8000-B800: CHR Regs
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| $C000-D800: Mirroring Regs (mapper 019 only)
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| $C000: WRAM Enable (mapper 210 N175 variant only)
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| $E000: [MEPP PPPP]
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| E = Sound Disable (mapper 019 only)
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| ME = Mirroring control (mapper 210 N340 variant only)
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| P = PRG Reg 0 (8k @ $8000)
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| $E800: [HLPP PPPP]
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| H = High CHR RAM Disable (see CHR setup for details)
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| L = Low CHR RAM Disable
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| P = PRG Reg 1 (8k @ A000)
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|
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| $F000: [..PP PPPP] PRG Reg 2 (8k @ $C000)
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|
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| $F800: [IAAA AAAA] Sound Address (with auto-increment enable bit)
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| (See Sound section for details)
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| WRAM enable (mapper 019 only)
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|
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|
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|
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| PRG Setup:
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| --------------------------
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|
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| $8000 $A000 $C000 $E000
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| +-------+-------+-------+-------+
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| | $E000 | $E800 | $F000 | { -1} |
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| +-------+-------+-------+-------+
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|
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|
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| CHR Setup:
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| --------------------------
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|
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| $0000 $0400 $0800 $0C00 $1000 $1400 $1800 $1C00
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| +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
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| | $8000 | $8800 | $9000 | $9800 | $A000 | $A800 | $B000 | $B800 |
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| +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
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|
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| Page numbers lower than $E0 will select CHR-ROM. Page numbers greater than or equal to $E0 will select
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| CHR-RAM (RAM page N - $E0) *unless* CHR-RAM for the region is disabled via the appropriate bit in $E800.
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|
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| $E800.6, when set, disables RAM selection for $0xxx ($8000-9800 will always select ROM)
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| $E800.7, when set, disables RAM selection for $1xxx ($A000-B800 will always select ROM)
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|
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| CHR-RAM disable allows games to utilize all 256k of CHR-ROM. When CHR-RAM is enabled, only 224k can be
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| accessed.
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|
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|
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| Mirroring:
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| --------------------------
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|
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| This section applies to mapper 019 only. 210 has hardwired mirroring
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|
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| [ $C000 ][ $C800 ]
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| [ $D000 ][ $D800 ]
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|
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| Values less than $E0 select a CHR-ROM page for a NT. Values $E0 and up use NES's internal nametables
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| (low bit selects which).
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|
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| Typical Examples:
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| $C000 $C800 $D000 $D800
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| -----------------------
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| Horz: $E0 $E0 $E1 $E1
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| Vert: $E0 $E1 $E0 $E1
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| 1ScA: $E0 $E0 $E0 $E0
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| 1ScB: $E1 $E1 $E1 $E1
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| Diag: $E0 $E1 $E1 $E0
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| L-sh: $E0 $E1 $E1 $E1
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|
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|
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| IRQ Operation:
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| --------------------------
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|
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| IRQs are driven by a 15-bit CPU cycle up-counter. $5000 and $5800 are *direct* access to the IRQ counter
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| (they are not a reload value). Games can also read back the real-time state of the IRQ counter by reading
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| those regs.
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|
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| When IRQs are enabled, the following occurs every CPU cycle:
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|
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| - If IRQ Counter = $7FFF
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| a) Trip IRQ
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|
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| - otherwise...
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| a) Increment IRQ counter by 1
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|
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| Reading/Writing $5000 or $5800 will acknowledge the pending IRQ.
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|
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|
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| Sources on the behavior of this IRQ counter vary. Some say that the IRQ counter wraps from $7FFF to $0000,
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| and trips an IRQ only when it wraps -- however Sangokushi 2 polls $5800, and emulating IRQs that way results
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| in the game locking up shortly after it starts (once it sees that $5800 is not what it expects, it resets the
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| IRQ counter and loops)
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|
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| Emulating the IRQ counter as above seems to work for every game out there -- although it probably isn't 100%
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| accurate.
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|
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| Sound:
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| --------------------------
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|
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| Sound applies to mapper 019 only. Mapper 210 has no extra sound.
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|
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| [[Namco 163 audio|N163]] has some pretty sweet expansion sound. And it's used in several games to boot! (More than any other
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| expansion except for FDS)
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|
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| The N163 has up to 8 additional sound channels, each which plays back a configurable waveform of variable
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| length, as well as having full volume control for each channel.
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|
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| There are 128 bytes of Sound RAM inside the N163 which is used to hold the waveform data, as well as sound
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| registers. This RAM is accessed by setting the desired address by writing to $F800, then writing the
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| desired data to $4800. $4800 is also readable.
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|
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| $F800: [IAAA AAAA]
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| I = Auto-increment flag
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| A = Sound RAM Address
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|
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| If the auto-increment flag is set, the Sound RAM address will increment (wrapping $7F->00) after every $4800
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| read/write.
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|
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| Sound Channel registers (inside Sound RAM):
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|
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| regs: "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
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| ------------------------------
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| Ch 0 - $40 $42 $44 $46 $47
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| Ch 1 - $48 $4A $4C $4E $4F
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| Ch 2 - $50 $52 $54 $56 $57
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| Ch 3 - $58 $5A $5C $5E $5F
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| Ch 4 - $60 $62 $64 $66 $67
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| Ch 5 - $68 $6A $6C $6E $6F
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| Ch 6 - $70 $72 $74 $76 $77
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| Ch 7 - $78 $7A $7C $7E $7F
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|
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|
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| "A": [FFFF FFFF] Low 8 freq bits
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| "B": [FFFF FFFF] Mid 8 freq bits
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| "C": [LLLL LLFF]
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| F = High 2 freq bits
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| L = Instrument Length ((64-L)*4 4-bit samples)
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|
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| "D": [AAAA AAAA] Instrument address
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| "E": [.... VVVV] Volume
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|
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|
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| Special Reg $7F:
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| [.EEE VVVV]
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| E = Number of Enabled channels (E+1)
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| V = Channel 7's volume control
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|
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|
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| Instruments:
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|
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| Instruments are in 4-bit samples. Each byte in sound RAM represents two samples (low 4 bits being the first
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| sample, high 4 bits being the second sample). Each channel has an address which it uses to look for the
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| instrument ('A' bits in reg "D"), as well as a length indicating how many samples are in the instrument ('L'
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| bits in reg "C").
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|
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| The instrument address is in 4-bit samples. IE: When the instrument address is $20, the instrument starts
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| at the low 4 bits of byte address $10. A instrument address of $41 would be the high 4 bits of byte address
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| $20.
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|
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| Instrument Length is 4 * (64-L) 4-bit samples. Therefore if L=59, the instrument is 20 4-bit samples long.
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|
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| Samples are unsigned: '0' is low, 'F' is high.
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|
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| For an example waveform... given the following instrument:
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|
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| $A8 DC EE FF FF EF DE AC 58 23 11 00 00 10 21 53 (length of 32 ... L=56)
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|
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| The following waveform (a pseudo-sine wave) would be produced:
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|
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|
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| F - *****
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| E - ** **
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| D - * *
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| C - * *
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| B -
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| A - * *
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| 9 -
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| 8 - * *
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| 7 -
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| 6 -
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| 5 - * *
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| 4 -
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| 3 - * *
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| 2 - * *
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| 1 - ** **
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| 0 - *****
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| __________________________________
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|
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| The waveform would continually loop this pattern
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|
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|
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| Channel Disabling:
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|
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| Reg $7F controls the number of enabled channels. As little as 1 or as many as all 8 channels can be enabled.
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| When not all channels are enabled, the high channels are the ones being used. That is, if only 3 channels
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| are enabled, channels 5, 6, and 7 are the ones enabled, and the others are disabled.
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|
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| Disabling channels frees up more Sound RAM space for instruments (since the lower channels' registers are
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| unused when disabled). Also, since there are fewer channels to clock, the enabled channels are clocked more
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| quickly, resulting in higher quality sound and potentially higher tones (see frequency calculation)
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|
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|
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| Frequency Calculation:
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|
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| The generated tone of each channel can be calculated with the following formula:
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|
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| F * CPU_CLOCK
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| Hz = --------------------------
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| $F0000 * (E+1) * (64-L)*4
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|
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| where:
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| F = the 18-bit Freq value
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| CPU_CLOCK = CPU clock rate (1789772.727272 on NTSC)
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| E = Enabled Channels (bits as written to reg $7F)
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| L = Instrument Length (bits as written)
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|
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|
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| Or... you can figure it as the number of CPU cycles that have to pass before the channel takes the next
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| step through its instrument:
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|
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| $F0000 * (E+1)
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| Cycs = ------------------
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| F
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|
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|
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| When F is 0, the channel is essentially "frozen" at it's current position and does not update (and thus,
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| becomes silent).
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