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| Recent homebrew has adapted the SNES mouse to be used with the NES. Hori released a trackball for Famicom called the Hori Track. A famiclone made by the Subor company also had a mouse. All three use different protocols.
| | Three controllers analogous to a computer '''mouse''' are known to be compatible with software for the NES or FC, either directly or through a simple adapter. |
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| == SNES Mouse ==
| | *[[Super NES Mouse]] |
| | *[[Hori Track]] |
| | *[[Subor Mouse]] |
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| The '''Super NES Mouse''' (SNS-016) is a peripheral for the Super NES that was originally bundled with ''Mario Paint''.
| | [[Category:Pointing devices|*]] |
| It can be used with an NES through an adapter, made from an NES controller extension cord and a Super NES controller extension cord, that [[Controller port pinout|connects the respective power, ground, clock, latch, and data pins]].
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| As with the [[standard controller]], the mouse is read by turning the latch ($4016.d0) on and off, and then reading bit 0 or bit 1 of $4016 or $4017 several times, but its report is 32 bits long as opposed to 8 bits.
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| Bit 0 goes to the standard controller ports on an NES or AV Famicom; bit 1 goes to the Famicom 4-player adapter.
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| Some documents about interfacing with the mouse recommend reading the first 16 bits at one speed, delaying a while, and reading the other 16 bits at another speed, following logic analyzer traces from a Super NES console.
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| However, these different speeds are merely an artifact of the main loop of ''Mario Paint'', and the mouse will give a correct report when read at any reasonable speed.
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| For example, a program could read 8 bits, wait a couple thousand cycles, and then read the other 24.
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| The first byte of the report is all zeroes and may be ignored. The other three bytes are sent most significant bit first:
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| <pre>
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| 76543210 Second byte of report
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| ||||++++- Signature: 0001
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| ||++----- Current sensitivity (0: low; 1: medium; 2: high)
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| |+------- Left button (1: pressed)
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| +-------- Right button (1: pressed)
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| 76543210 Third byte of report
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| |+++++++- Vertical displacement since last read
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| +-------- Direction (1: up; 0: down)
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| 76543210 Fourth byte of report
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| |+++++++- Horizontal displacement since last read
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| +-------- Direction (1: left; 0: right)
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| </pre>
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| The displacements are in [[wikipedia:Signed number representations#Sign-and-magnitude method|sign-and-magnitude]], not [[wikipedia:Signed number representations#Two's complement|two's complement]].
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| For example, $05 represents five mickeys (movement units) in one direction and $85 represents five mickeys in the other.
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| To convert these to two's complement, use [[Synthetic instructions#Negate A|negation]]:
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| <pre>
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| ; Convert to two's complement
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| lda third_byte
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| bpl :+
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| eor #$7F
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| sec
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| adc #$00
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| :
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| sta y_velocity
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| lda fourth_byte
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| bpl :+
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| eor #$7F
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| sec
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| adc #$00
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| :
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| sta x_velocity
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| </pre>
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| The mouse can be set to low, medium, or high sensitivity.
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| To change the sensitivity, send a clock while the latch ($4016.d0) is turned on:
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| <pre>
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| ldy #1
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| sty $4016
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| lda $4016
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| dey
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| sty $4016
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| </pre>
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| Some revisions of the mouse's microcontroller [http://problemkaputt.de/fullsnes.htm#snescontrollersmousetwobuttonmouse reportedly] power up in an unknown state and may return useless values before the sensitivity is changed for the first time.
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| A mouse detection routine should cycle through the sensitivities anyway to ensure that the connected device is in fact a mouse.
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| Failure to do so is likely to cause things that are not a mouse to be detected as a mouse, such as half of a Four Score if player 3 or 4 is holding Right.
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| Using more than two mice on an AV Famicom is not recommended for two reasons:
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| * A mouse draws 50 mA, which is much more current than the standard controller draws. Drawing too much current is likely to cause the voltage regulator to overheat.
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| * Changing player 1's sensitivity also affects player 3's, and changing player 2's sensitivity also affects player 4's.
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| A program that reads the mouse while playing [[APU DMC|DPCM samples]] must proceed very carefully.
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| Sample playback causes occasional double reads on $4016 and $4017, deleting a bit from the stream read back.
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| The re-reading solution that can be used for the [[standard controller]] fails here because each latch pulse sent to a mouse will clear its count of accumulated movement, and there is no known way to reliably detect corrupted data.
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| Only the [[Standard controller#APU DMC conflict glitch|OAM DMA sync trick]] reliably avoids these glitches.
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| A program could read the mouse while using the DMC as a interval timer, as long as the mouse is read in the IRQ handler so that the mouse reading subroutine can avoid the sample fetch.
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| Example games:
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| * ''[[Thwaite]]''
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| == Hori Track ==
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| Hori produced a trackball compatible with ''Moero Pro Soccer'', ''Moero Pro Soccer'', ''Putt Putt Golf'', and ''US Championship V'Ball''.
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| It was released in Japan, and what appears to be a prototype U.S. version was [http://forums.nesdev.org/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=15184&p=183787&hilit=hori#p183787 exhibited behind glass in Nintendo World], but the U.S. version never reached stores.
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| Report byte 1 is the same as an NES.
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| Byte 2, MSB first:
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| 7654 3210
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| |||| ++++- Axis 2, signed 4 bit, XOR with $F
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| ++++------ Axis 1, signed 4 bit, XOR with $F
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| Byte 3, MSB first:
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| 7654 3210
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| |||| ++++- Unknown (read and unused by games)
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| ||++------ ID byte (1 or 2 depending on version)
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| |+-------- Unknown (speculated by nocash to be the speed switch)
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| +--------- Rotation mode switch (0: R, 1: L)
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| In rotation mode L, Up on the Control Pad points up, axis 1 points down, and axis 2 points right.
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| In rotation mode R, Up on the Control Pad points right, axis 1 points left, and axis 2 points down.
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| == Subor Mouse ==
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| This came with Subor's SB2000 famiclone system.
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| Example games:
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| * ''Educational Computer 2000'' | |
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| === Input ($4016 write) ===
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| 7 bit 0
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| ---- ----
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| xxxx xxxS
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| +- Strobe
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| === Output ($4017 read) ===
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| 7 bit 0
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| ---- ----
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| xxxx xxxD
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| +- Serial data
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| The mouse returns either 1-byte or 3-byte responses based on the size of the x/y axis movement since the last read.
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| If the movement value for both the X and Y axis is between -1 and 1 (inclusively), the mouse returns a 1-byte response. Otherwise, a 3-byte response is sent. In this case, the strobe bit must be toggled 3 times in a row to read the entire response (e.g read $4017 8 times, toggle strobe bit, read 8 more times, etc.)
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| ==== 1-byte response format ====
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| LRXXYY00
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| ||||||||
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| ||||||++- Always 0
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| ||||++--- Y movement (0: no movement, 1 or 2 = went down 1 unit, 3 = went up 1 unit)
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| ||++----- X movement (0: no movement, 1 or 2 = went right 1 unit, 3 = went left 1 unit)
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| |+------- Right mouse button (1: pressed)
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| +-------- Left mouse button (1: pressed)
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| ==== 3-byte response format ====
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| '''Byte 1'''
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| LRSXTY01
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| ||||||||
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| ||||||++- Always 01
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| |||||+--- Y movement (Bit 4)
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| ||||+---- Y movement direction (1: up, 0: down)
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| |||+----- X movement (Bit 4)
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| ||+------ X movement direction (1: left, 0: right)
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| |+------- Right mouse button (1: pressed)
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| +-------- Left mouse button (1: pressed)
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| '''Byte 2'''
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| --XXXX10
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| ||||||
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| ||||++- Always 10
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| ++++--- X movement (Bits 0-3)
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| '''Byte 3'''
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| --YYYY11
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| ||||||
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| ||||++- Always 11
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| ++++--- Y movement (Bits 0-3)
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| == References ==
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| * [http://problemkaputt.de/everynes.htm#controllerstrackballandmouse Nocash's EveryNES documentation]
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| [[Category:Controllers]][[Category:Super NES]]
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