Controller port pinout
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Pinout
+----------< $4017.D3 | +--------< D0 | | +------> OUT0 +------------------ GND | | | +----> CLK | +--------------<> AUDIO | | | | +--< $4017.D4 | | +---< D0 .- | | | | | | | | GND -- |O\ +-------------+ +-------------------+ CLK <- |OO\ -- +5V \ O O O O O / \ O O O O O O O O / OUT <- |OO| <- D3 \ O O O O / \ O O O O O O O / D0 -> |OO| <- D4 +-------+ +-------------+ '--' | | | | | | +------ GND | | +---- +5V +---------- +5V | +---------: OUT0 +---------------> CLK NES port 9 pin famiclone port 15 pin famiclone port * Directions are relative to the jack on the from of console * $4017.D4/$4017.D4 are available only at port 2 in consoles equipped only with 2x9pin ports * AUDIO might not always be available
Protection Diodes
Some PAL region systems have a set of diodes on the inside of the controller port which make it incompatible with NTSC controllers.[1]
+5V --|>|-- jack D3 --|>|-- jack D4 --|>|-- jack D0 --|>|-- jack OUT --|<|-- jack CLK --|<|-- jack
With these diodes, the OUT and CLK lines have to be pulled high by the controller, or else the controller can't receive these signals. See: Standard controller: PAL
These diodes are also present on the ports of the Four Score (NESE-034) accessory for this region.
Super NES
The FC Twin NES/SNES combo clone uses Super NES controllers, whose pinout is as follows:[2]
1 [oooo|ooo) 7 1:+5V 2:Clk 3:Out 4:D0 5:D1 6: I/O 7:Gnd
An adapter to use Super NES controllers on an NES (or NES controllers on an FC Twin) could be constructed as follows (leaving D3 and D4 unconnected):
.- GND -- |7\ CLK <- |21\ -- +5V OUT <- |3o| -- (D3) D0 -> |4o| -- (D4) '--'
- Buy two controller extension cables, one for NES and one for Super NES, and cut them apart. Strip the cut ends to reveal a small amount of bare wire.
- Using inline splice technique, wrap each wire from one cable with the corresponding wire from the other cable.
- With solder and a soldering iron, glue each wrapped pair together.
- With electrical tape, wrap each joint to insulate it from the other wires.
- Apply heat shrink around the whole assembly.
Notes
- The signal read by the CPU is logically inverted from the signal input on the D0-4 lines. A low voltage on D0 will be read as a 1 bit from $4016/4017.
- CLK will be low during reads from the CPU, then immediately return to high. This rising edge transition is used to clock the shift register inside the standard controller.
- OUT is a signal latched and held from the last CPU write to $4016:0. For standard controller reads, the program will write a 1 to load the shift register, then return to 0 before reading the results.
Hardware design
- Famicom and NES controllers use single 4021 8-step shift register for serial transmission (pressed button is shorted to GND by low-resistance rubber pad; VCC pull-ups are inside 4021)
+------- | -----+ BTN--+----- +-- GND | -----+ +-------
- Cascading input is not connected to anything (=Internally pulled to VCC), which results in returning 0 for reads greater or equal than 8
- Rare model of non-blob IQ502 famiclone joypad uses UM6582 chip which aggregates both serial encoder and square wave generator (for turbo buttons)
,---v---. TURBO<-|01 16|-- ? !B->|02 15|-- ? !START->|03 14|<-!A !SELECT->|04 13|--VCC !DOWN->|05 12|--GND !RIGHT->|06 11|<-OUT0 !UP->|07 10|<-CLK !LEFT->|08 09|->D0 +-------+
- Most famiclone pads use glob chip which integrates both serial encoder and turbo generator
- Pressing TURBOA (or TURBOB) causes short of A (or B) to the square wave generated by chip (or blob).
TURBO A ---- TURBO >----' '--+ | ---- | GND -----' '--+----> !A A
- Some joypads contains also buttons C and TURBO C (whose acts as pressing buttons A and B together); The SMD contact for that button contains three signals
- SNES joypads contain two 4021 or two WR545 chips chained together
,---v---. WR545#1 WR545#2 d0->|01 14|--VCC d0 B A DOUT<-|02 13|<-d1 d1 Y X d4->|03 12|<-d2 d2 SEL TL d5->|04 11|<-d3 d3 ST TR d6->|05 10|<-DIN d4 U - d7->|06 09|<-CLOCK d5 D - GND--|07 08|<-STROBE d6 L - +-------+ d7 R - WR545
See Also
References
- ↑ Forum post: explaining PAL controller diodes and their function.
- ↑ superfamicom.org: Schematics, Ports, and Pinouts.