User:Ulfalizer: Difference between revisions

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(Add link to IRQ pin)
(Read/write timing)
 
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Line 59: Line 59:
=== Read/write observations ===
=== Read/write observations ===


* Address bus changes right away (during '''φ1''').
* Address bus and '''rw''' changes right away (during '''φ1''').
* '''rw''' changes right away (during '''φ1''').
* Values appear to be read during '''φ2''' ('''db''x''''' pins buffered on '''cclk'''), and '''db''' changes during '''φ2''' for writes too.
* Values appear to be read during '''φ2''' ('''db''x''''' pins buffered on '''cclk''').
* '''db''' changes during '''φ2''' for writes too.
* [[Visual_circuit_tutorial#Clocks|Clocks section of tutorial]].
* [[Visual_circuit_tutorial#Clocks|Clocks section of tutorial]].
=== Read/write timing ===
"The address is guaranteed to be stable 300 nanoseconds after the leading edge of Phase One, and the data must be stable 100 nanoseconds before the trailing edge of Phase Two.  At 1.0 MHz operation, this allows the memory devices approximately 575 ns to make data available on the data bus.", from http://users.telenet.be/kim1-6502/6502/hwman.html.


== [[CPU_interrupts|Interrupts]] ==
== [[CPU_interrupts|Interrupts]] ==


Sampled during '''φ1''': '''irq''' inverts into 1599, which is driven low by '''cclk''' (i.e., always driven low during '''φ2''').
Sampled on the falling edge of '''φ2'''. IRQ detection depends on nodes nnT2BR (branch-related) and 646 (maybe a "sampling points" signal) being low.
[http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?nosim=t&panx=115.3&pany=33.6&zoom=8.9 Link to '''irq''' pin].


=== Visual 6502 links ===
=== Detection intervals for various instructions ===


Smallest IRQ assertion interval that will trigger an IRQ for LDA #FF:
Smallest IRQ assertion interval that will trigger an IRQ for LDA #FF:
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq&a=0&d=58A9FF1890FE&irq0=5&irq1=6&steps=20
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=58A9FF1890FE&irq0=5&irq1=6&steps=20


Ditto for LSR $AB:
Ditto for LSR $AB:
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq&a=0&d=5846AB1890FE&irq0=11&irq1=12&steps=20
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=5846AB1890FE&irq0=11&irq1=12&steps=20


Ditto for LSR $AB with NMI instead of IRQ:
Ditto for LSR $AB with NMI instead of IRQ:
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,nmi&a=0&d=58461890FE&nmi0=11&nmi1=12&steps=20
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,nmi,~NMIG,State&a=0&d=58461890FE&nmi0=11&nmi1=12&steps=20
 
IRQ triggered by assertion during first cycle of BCC - no page crossing, offset 0, pad with SEDs:
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=58189000F8F8&irq0=9&irq1=10&steps=30
 
IRQ triggered by assertion during first cycle of BCC - page crossing, offset E0 (backwards jump), pad with SEDs:
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=581890E0&a=ffe4&d=F8F8&irq0=9&irq1=10&steps=30
 
IRQ triggered by assertion before fixup cycle of BCC - page crossing, offset E0 (backwards jump), pad with SEDs:
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=581890E0&a=ffe4&d=F8F8&irq0=13&irq1=14&steps=30
 
IRQ during JMP Absolute (to after JMP instruction):
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=584C0400F8F8&irq0=7&irq1=8&steps=30
 
IRQ during JMP Relative (address stored after JMP instruction, to next location after that):
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=586C04000600F8F8&irq0=11&irq1=12&steps=30
 
RTI - interrupt flag changes *before* poll location:
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=40&irq0=9&irq1=10&steps=30
 
CLI+SEI - interrupt flag changes *after* poll location for both:
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=5878&irq0=5&irq1=6&steps=30
 
PLP - interrupt flag changes *after* poll location:
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=28F8F8&irq0=5&irq1=6&steps=30
 
=== Interrupt hijacking ===
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupts_in_65xx_processors
 
BRK hijacked by NMI:
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,nmi,~NMIG,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=5800&nmi0=11&nmi1=12&steps=30
 
IRQ hijacked by NMI:
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,nmi,~NMIG,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=58F8F8&irq0=5&irq1=6&nmi0=15&nmi1=16&steps=30
 
=== Reset ===
 
Seems to take 1+7 cycles, where the last 7 is the ordinary interrupt sequence.
 
http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,nmi,~NMIG,State,nnT2BR,646,Reset0,res&a=0&d=58F8F8F8F8&reset0=5&reset1=6&steps=30


== M2 duty cycle ==
== M2 duty cycle ==
Line 85: Line 126:
The M2 duty cycle is 5/8 - [http://forums.nesdev.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=10029&start=15#p111322 forum post] and [[CPU_pin_out_and_signal_description|CPU pin-out page]].
The M2 duty cycle is 5/8 - [http://forums.nesdev.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=10029&start=15#p111322 forum post] and [[CPU_pin_out_and_signal_description|CPU pin-out page]].
Low for 9/8 PPU cycles, high for 15/8 PPU cycles. Low for 4.5 master cycles, high for 7.5 master cycles. Low for ~210 ns, high for ~349 ns.
Low for 9/8 PPU cycles, high for 15/8 PPU cycles. Low for 4.5 master cycles, high for 7.5 master cycles. Low for ~210 ns, high for ~349 ns.
== PPU interface ==
* [[media:neswires.jpg|Wiring diagram]]
* [http://www.datasheetcatalog.org/datasheet/motorola/SN54LS139J.pdf Address decoder datasheet]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
Input map:
<pre>
Binding        | Interpretation
----------------+--------------------------------------
0  -> 15      | 0    -> /Enable second demultiplexer
a15 -> 13      | a15  -> A_1b
a14 -> 3        | a14  -> A_1a
a13 -> 2        | a13  -> A_0a
M2  -> 14      | M2    -> A_0b
11  -> 1        | /O_1b -> /Enable first demultiplexer
9  -> /ROM SEL | /O_3b -> /ROM SEL
5  -> /DBE    | /O_1a -> /DBE
4  -> RAM CS  | /O_0a -> RAM CS
</pre>
Input/output map:
<pre>
Inputs  | Outputs
---------+----------------
E  A0 A1 | O_0 O_1 O_2 O_3
---------+----------------
1  x  x  | 1  1  1  1
0  0  0  | 0  1  1  1
0  1  0  | 1  0  1  1
0  0  1  | 1  1  0  1
0  1  1  | 1  1  1  0
</pre>
Hence:
<pre>
ROM SEL = M2 && a15
<Enable first demultiplexer> = M2 && !a15
DBE = <Enable first demultiplexer> && !a14 && a13
RAM CS = <Enable first demultiplexer> && !a14 && !a13
</pre>
Summary:
</div>
When M2 high,
<pre>
A15-13 | Signal
-------+--------
1xx    | ROM SEL
001    | DBE
000    | RAM CS
</pre>
* '''rw''' signal together with ab lines directly generates signals like '''/r2002'''.
* '''_io_ce''' follows ''inverted'' '''M2'''.
* '''vbl_flag''' is set via a ''vpos was 241 and vpos is not 241'' comparison. Goes high at hpos = 1 during at pclk0.
* The '''set_vbl_flag''' signal is high during '''pclk0''' of '''vpos'''=241/'''hpos'''=1.
* '''spr0_hit''' goes high at tick x+2, during '''pclk1'''. Reading uses same '''_io_ce''' behavior as '''vbl_flag'''.
* '''spr_overflow''' reading behavior just like '''spr0_hit'''. ''TODO:'' set timing.
* $2005/$2006 and $2000 nametable bits writes use the same timing.
== Timing charts ==
<pre>
Around VBL flag setting:
              set_vbl_flag signal active during this interval
                                  |
                                [++]
Master: 0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010
PPU:    [p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1]
CPU:      [  Low  ][    High    ]                                -> 0, NMI (-8)
CPU:        [  Low  ][    High    ]                              -> 0, NMI (-7)
CPU:          [  Low  ][    High    ]                            -> 0, no NMI (-6)
CPU:            [  Low  ][    High    ]                          -> 0, no NMI (-5)
CPU:              [  Low  ][    High    ]                        -> 0, no NMI (-4)
CPU:                [  Low  ][    High    ]                      -> 0, no NMI (-3)
CPU:                  [  Low  ][    High    ]                    -> 0, no NMI (-2)
CPU:                    [  Low  ][    High    ]                  -> 0, no NMI (-1)
CPU:                      [  Low  ][    High    ]                -> 1, no NMI (0)
CPU:                        [  Low  ][    High    ]              -> 1, no NMI (1)
CPU:                          [  Low  ][    High    ]            -> 1, no NMI (2)
CPU:                            [  Low  ][    High    ]          -> 1, no NMI (3)
CPU:                              [  Low  ][    High    ]        -> 1, no NMI (4)
CPU:                                [  Low  ][    High    ]      -> 1, no NMI (5)
CPU:                                  [  Low  ][    High    ]    -> 1, no NMI (6)
CPU:                                    [  Low  ][    High    ]  -> 1, NMI (7)
CPU:                                      [  Low  ][    High    ] -> 1, NMI (8)
(NOTE: Read buffer latches the data, so value when high phase starts matters. Value at end probably matters for the rest.)
Around VBL flag clearing:        cleared during this interval
                                [+++++++++++...
Master: 0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010
PPU:    [p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1]
CPU:      [  Low  ][    High    ]                                -> 1
CPU:        [  Low  ][    High    ]                              -> 1
CPU:          [  Low  ][    High    ]                            -> 1
CPU:            [  Low  ][    High    ]                          -> 1
CPU:              [  Low  ][    High    ]                        -> 1
CPU:                [  Low  ][    High    ]                      -> 1
CPU:                  [  Low  ][    High    ]                    -> 1
CPU:                    [  Low  ][    High    ]                  -> 0 (?)
CPU:                      [  Low  ][    High    ]                -> 0
CPU:                        [  Low  ][    High    ]              -> 0
CPU:                          [  Low  ][    High    ]            -> 0
CPU:                            [  Low  ][    High    ]          -> 0
CPU:                              [  Low  ][    High    ]        -> 0
CPU:                                [  Low  ][    High    ]      -> 0
CPU:                                  [  Low  ][    High    ]    -> 0
CPU:                                    [  Low  ][    High    ]  -> 0
CPU:                                      [  Low  ][    High    ] -> 0
Sprite zero/overflow flag clearing:      cleared during this interval
                                        [+++++++++++....
Master: 0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010
PPU:    [p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1]
CPU:      [  Low  ][    High    ]                                -> 1
CPU:        [  Low  ][    High    ]                              -> 1
CPU:          [  Low  ][    High    ]                            -> 1
CPU:            [  Low  ][    High    ]                          -> 1
CPU:              [  Low  ][    High    ]                        -> 0 (?)
CPU:                [  Low  ][    High    ]                      -> 0
CPU:                  [  Low  ][    High    ]                    -> 0
CPU:                    [  Low  ][    High    ]                  -> 0
CPU:                      [  Low  ][    High    ]                -> 0
CPU:                        [  Low  ][    High    ]              -> 0
CPU:                          [  Low  ][    High    ]            -> 0
CPU:                            [  Low  ][    High    ]          -> 0
CPU:                              [  Low  ][    High    ]        -> 0
CPU:                                [  Low  ][    High    ]      -> 0
                         
                      Pixel location      Flag goes high
Sprite 0 setting:        --------            -----------------...
Master: 0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010
PPU:    [p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1]
CPU:      [  Low  ][    High    ]                                -> 0
CPU:        [  Low  ][    High    ]                              -> 0
CPU:          [  Low  ][    High    ]                            -> 0
CPU:            [  Low  ][    High    ]                          -> 0
CPU:              [  Low  ][    High    ]                        -> 0
CPU:                [  Low  ][    High    ]                      -> 0
CPU:                  [  Low  ][    High    ]                    -> 1 (?)
CPU:                    [  Low  ][    High    ]                  -> 1
CPU:                      [  Low  ][    High    ]                -> 1
CPU:                        [  Low  ][    High    ]              -> 1
CPU:                          [  Low  ][    High    ]            -> 1
CPU:                            [  Low  ][    High    ]          -> 1
CPU:                              [  Low  ][    High    ]        -> 1
CPU:                                [  Low  ][    High    ]      -> 1
CPU:                                  [  Low  ][    High    ]    -> 1
CPU:                                    [  Low  ][    High    ]  -> 1
CPU:                                      [  Low  ][    High    ] -> 1
</pre>
= [[PPU sprite evaluation|Sprite overflow bug]] =
Appears to be caused by a timing issue.
Signal trace for a "good" sprite skip (eight sprites not found yet, current sprite not in range):
<pre>
hpos  spr_addr_clear_low_bump_high_setup  spr_addr_load_next_value  /spr_load_next_value_or_write_2003_reg
04c  0                                  0                        1
04c  0                                  0                        1
04c  0                                  0                        1
04c  0                                  0                        1
04c  0                                  0                        1
04c  0                                  0                        1
04c  0                                  0                        1
04c  0                                  0                        1
04b  1                                  0                        1
04b  1                                  0                        1
04b  1                                  0                        1
04b  1                                  0                        1
04b  1-----------------------------------1                        0
04b  1            Overlap              1                        0
04b  1  Clears low and bumps high      1                        0
04b  1-----------------------------------1                        0
04a  1                                  0                        1
04a  1                                  0                        1
04a  1                                  0                        1
04a  1                                  0                        1
04a  1                                  0                        1
04a  1                                  0                        1
04a  1                                  0                        1
04a  1                                  0                        1
049  0                                  0                        1
049  0                                  0                        1
049  0                                  0                        1
049  0                                  0                        1
049  0                                  1                        0
049  0                                  1                        0
049  0                                  1                        0
049  0                                  1                        0
048  0                                  0                        1
</pre>
Signal trace for a glitchy sprite skip (eight sprites found, current sprite not in range):
<pre>
hpos  spr_addr_clear_low_bump_high_setup  spr_addr_load_next_value  /spr_load_next_value_or_write_2003_reg
08e  1                                  0                        1
08e  1                                  0                        1
08e  1                                  0                        1
08e  1                                  0                        1
08e  1                                  0                        1
08e  1                                  0                        1
08e  1                                  0                        1
08e  1                                  0                        1
08d  0                                  0                        1
08d  0                                  0                        1
08d  0                                  0                        1
08d  0                                  0                        1
08d  0-----------------------------------1                        0
08d  0          No overlap              1                        0
08d  0      Bumps low and high          1                        0
08d  0-----------------------------------1                        0
08c  1                                  0                        1
08c  1                                  0                        1
08c  1                                  0                        1
08c  1                                  0                        1
08c  1                                  0                        1
08c  1                                  0                        1
08c  1                                  0                        1
08c  1                                  0                        1
08b  0                                  0                        1
08b  0                                  0                        1
08b  0                                  0                        1
08b  0                                  0                        1
08b  0                                  1                        0
08b  0                                  1                        0
08b  0                                  1                        0
08b  0                                  1                        0
08a  1                                  0                        1
</pre>

Latest revision as of 21:37, 20 August 2013

Misc. timing stuff brought together in one place

Reads and writes

Read (LDA $1234, NOP)

http://www.qmtpro.com/~nes/chipimages/visual2a03/?graphics=false&logmore=Execute,phi2&a=0&d=ad3412ea&steps=25

Tick-by-tick from http://nesdev.org/6502_cpu.txt interleaved with steps from Visual 2A03: 

 #  address R/W description
--- ------- --- -------------------------------------------------
 1    PC     R  fetch opcode, increment PC
    ab    db  rw  pc    phi2
    0000  ad  1   0000  0
    0000  ad  1   0000  1
 2    PC     R  fetch low byte of address, increment PC
    ab    db  rw  pc    phi2
    0001  34  1   0001  0
    0001  34  1   0001  1
 3    PC     R  fetch high byte of address, increment PC
    ab    db  rw  pc    phi2
    0002  12  1   0002  0
    0002  12  1   0002  1
 4  address  R  read from effective address
    ab    db  rw  pc    phi2
    1234  00  1   0003  0
    1234  00  1   0003  1

Write (LDA #$AB, STA $1234, NOP)

http://www.qmtpro.com/~nes/chipimages/visual2a03/?graphics=false&logmore=Execute,phi2&a=0&d=a9ab8d3412ea&steps=29

Tick-by-tick from http://nesdev.org/6502_cpu.txt interleaved with steps from Visual 2A03: 

 #  address R/W description
--- ------- --- ------------------------------------------
 1    PC     R  fetch opcode, increment PC
    ab    db  rw  pc    phi2
    0002  8d  1   0002  0
    0002  8d  1   0002  1
 2    PC     R  fetch low byte of address, increment PC
    ab    db  rw  pc    phi2
    0003  34  1   0003  0
    0003  34  1   0003  1
 3    PC     R  fetch high byte of address, increment PC
    ab    db  rw  pc    phi2
    0004  12  1   0004  0
    0004  12  1   0004  1
 4  address  W  write register to effective address
    ab    db  rw  pc    phi2
    1234  12  0   0005  0
    1234  ab  0   0005  1

Read/write observations

  • Address bus and rw changes right away (during φ1).
  • Values appear to be read during φ2 (dbx pins buffered on cclk), and db changes during φ2 for writes too.
  • Clocks section of tutorial.

Read/write timing

"The address is guaranteed to be stable 300 nanoseconds after the leading edge of Phase One, and the data must be stable 100 nanoseconds before the trailing edge of Phase Two. At 1.0 MHz operation, this allows the memory devices approximately 575 ns to make data available on the data bus.", from http://users.telenet.be/kim1-6502/6502/hwman.html.

Interrupts

Sampled on the falling edge of φ2. IRQ detection depends on nodes nnT2BR (branch-related) and 646 (maybe a "sampling points" signal) being low.

Detection intervals for various instructions

Smallest IRQ assertion interval that will trigger an IRQ for LDA #FF: http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=58A9FF1890FE&irq0=5&irq1=6&steps=20

Ditto for LSR $AB: http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=5846AB1890FE&irq0=11&irq1=12&steps=20

Ditto for LSR $AB with NMI instead of IRQ: http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,nmi,~NMIG,State&a=0&d=58461890FE&nmi0=11&nmi1=12&steps=20

IRQ triggered by assertion during first cycle of BCC - no page crossing, offset 0, pad with SEDs: http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=58189000F8F8&irq0=9&irq1=10&steps=30

IRQ triggered by assertion during first cycle of BCC - page crossing, offset E0 (backwards jump), pad with SEDs: http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=581890E0&a=ffe4&d=F8F8&irq0=9&irq1=10&steps=30

IRQ triggered by assertion before fixup cycle of BCC - page crossing, offset E0 (backwards jump), pad with SEDs: http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=581890E0&a=ffe4&d=F8F8&irq0=13&irq1=14&steps=30

IRQ during JMP Absolute (to after JMP instruction): http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=584C0400F8F8&irq0=7&irq1=8&steps=30

IRQ during JMP Relative (address stored after JMP instruction, to next location after that): http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=586C04000600F8F8&irq0=11&irq1=12&steps=30

RTI - interrupt flag changes *before* poll location: http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=40&irq0=9&irq1=10&steps=30

CLI+SEI - interrupt flag changes *after* poll location for both: http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=5878&irq0=5&irq1=6&steps=30

PLP - interrupt flag changes *after* poll location: http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=28F8F8&irq0=5&irq1=6&steps=30

Interrupt hijacking

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupts_in_65xx_processors

BRK hijacked by NMI: http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,nmi,~NMIG,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=5800&nmi0=11&nmi1=12&steps=30

IRQ hijacked by NMI: http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,nmi,~NMIG,State,nnT2BR,646&a=0&d=58F8F8&irq0=5&irq1=6&nmi0=15&nmi1=16&steps=30

Reset

Seems to take 1+7 cycles, where the last 7 is the ordinary interrupt sequence.

http://visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html?logmore=Execute,irq,IRQP,nmi,~NMIG,State,nnT2BR,646,Reset0,res&a=0&d=58F8F8F8F8&reset0=5&reset1=6&steps=30

M2 duty cycle

The M2 duty cycle is 5/8 - forum post and CPU pin-out page. Low for 9/8 PPU cycles, high for 15/8 PPU cycles. Low for 4.5 master cycles, high for 7.5 master cycles. Low for ~210 ns, high for ~349 ns.

PPU interface

Input map: 

Binding         | Interpretation
----------------+--------------------------------------
0   -> 15       | 0     -> /Enable second demultiplexer
a15 -> 13       | a15   -> A_1b
a14 -> 3        | a14   -> A_1a
a13 -> 2        | a13   -> A_0a
M2  -> 14       | M2    -> A_0b
11  -> 1        | /O_1b -> /Enable first demultiplexer
9   -> /ROM SEL | /O_3b -> /ROM SEL
5   -> /DBE     | /O_1a -> /DBE
4   -> RAM CS   | /O_0a -> RAM CS

Input/output map: 

Inputs   | Outputs
---------+----------------
E  A0 A1 | O_0 O_1 O_2 O_3
---------+----------------
1  x  x  | 1   1   1   1
0  0  0  | 0   1   1   1
0  1  0  | 1   0   1   1
0  0  1  | 1   1   0   1
0  1  1  | 1   1   1   0

Hence: 

ROM SEL = M2 && a15
<Enable first demultiplexer> = M2 && !a15
DBE = <Enable first demultiplexer> && !a14 && a13
RAM CS = <Enable first demultiplexer> && !a14 && !a13

Summary:

When M2 high, 

A15-13 | Signal
-------+--------
1xx    | ROM SEL
001    | DBE
000    | RAM CS
  • rw signal together with ab lines directly generates signals like /r2002.
  • _io_ce follows inverted M2.
  • vbl_flag is set via a vpos was 241 and vpos is not 241 comparison. Goes high at hpos = 1 during at pclk0.
  • The set_vbl_flag signal is high during pclk0 of vpos=241/hpos=1.
  • spr0_hit goes high at tick x+2, during pclk1. Reading uses same _io_ce behavior as vbl_flag.
  • spr_overflow reading behavior just like spr0_hit. TODO: set timing.
  • $2005/$2006 and $2000 nametable bits writes use the same timing.

Timing charts

Around VBL flag setting:

               set_vbl_flag signal active during this interval
                                  |
                                 [++]
Master: 0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010
PPU:     [p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1]
CPU:      [  Low  ][     High    ]                                 -> 0, NMI (-8)
CPU:        [  Low  ][     High    ]                               -> 0, NMI (-7)
CPU:          [  Low  ][     High    ]                             -> 0, no NMI (-6)
CPU:            [  Low  ][     High    ]                           -> 0, no NMI (-5)
CPU:              [  Low  ][     High    ]                         -> 0, no NMI (-4)
CPU:                [  Low  ][     High    ]                       -> 0, no NMI (-3)
CPU:                  [  Low  ][     High    ]                     -> 0, no NMI (-2)
CPU:                    [  Low  ][     High    ]                   -> 0, no NMI (-1)
CPU:                      [  Low  ][     High    ]                 -> 1, no NMI (0)
CPU:                        [  Low  ][     High    ]               -> 1, no NMI (1)
CPU:                          [  Low  ][     High    ]             -> 1, no NMI (2)
CPU:                            [  Low  ][     High    ]           -> 1, no NMI (3)
CPU:                              [  Low  ][     High    ]         -> 1, no NMI (4)
CPU:                                [  Low  ][     High    ]       -> 1, no NMI (5)
CPU:                                  [  Low  ][     High    ]     -> 1, no NMI (6)
CPU:                                    [  Low  ][     High    ]   -> 1, NMI (7)
CPU:                                      [  Low  ][     High    ] -> 1, NMI (8)

(NOTE: Read buffer latches the data, so value when high phase starts matters. Value at end probably matters for the rest.)

Around VBL flag clearing:        cleared during this interval
                                 [+++++++++++...
Master: 0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010
PPU:     [p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1]
CPU:      [  Low  ][     High    ]                                 -> 1
CPU:        [  Low  ][     High    ]                               -> 1
CPU:          [  Low  ][     High    ]                             -> 1
CPU:            [  Low  ][     High    ]                           -> 1
CPU:              [  Low  ][     High    ]                         -> 1
CPU:                [  Low  ][     High    ]                       -> 1
CPU:                  [  Low  ][     High    ]                     -> 1
CPU:                    [  Low  ][     High    ]                   -> 0 (?)
CPU:                      [  Low  ][     High    ]                 -> 0
CPU:                        [  Low  ][     High    ]               -> 0
CPU:                          [  Low  ][     High    ]             -> 0
CPU:                            [  Low  ][     High    ]           -> 0
CPU:                              [  Low  ][     High    ]         -> 0
CPU:                                [  Low  ][     High    ]       -> 0
CPU:                                  [  Low  ][     High    ]     -> 0
CPU:                                    [  Low  ][     High    ]   -> 0
CPU:                                      [  Low  ][     High    ] -> 0

Sprite zero/overflow flag clearing:      cleared during this interval
                                         [+++++++++++.... 
Master: 0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010
PPU:     [p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1]
CPU:      [  Low  ][     High    ]                                 -> 1
CPU:        [  Low  ][     High    ]                               -> 1
CPU:          [  Low  ][     High    ]                             -> 1
CPU:            [  Low  ][     High    ]                           -> 1
CPU:              [  Low  ][     High    ]                         -> 0 (?)
CPU:                [  Low  ][     High    ]                       -> 0
CPU:                  [  Low  ][     High    ]                     -> 0
CPU:                    [  Low  ][     High    ]                   -> 0
CPU:                      [  Low  ][     High    ]                 -> 0
CPU:                        [  Low  ][     High    ]               -> 0
CPU:                          [  Low  ][     High    ]             -> 0
CPU:                            [  Low  ][     High    ]           -> 0
CPU:                              [  Low  ][     High    ]         -> 0
CPU:                                [  Low  ][     High    ]       -> 0
                          
                      Pixel location      Flag goes high
Sprite 0 setting:        --------            -----------------...
Master: 0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010
PPU:     [p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1][p0][p1]
CPU:      [  Low  ][     High    ]                                 -> 0
CPU:        [  Low  ][     High    ]                               -> 0
CPU:          [  Low  ][     High    ]                             -> 0
CPU:            [  Low  ][     High    ]                           -> 0
CPU:              [  Low  ][     High    ]                         -> 0
CPU:                [  Low  ][     High    ]                       -> 0
CPU:                  [  Low  ][     High    ]                     -> 1 (?)
CPU:                    [  Low  ][     High    ]                   -> 1
CPU:                      [  Low  ][     High    ]                 -> 1
CPU:                        [  Low  ][     High    ]               -> 1
CPU:                          [  Low  ][     High    ]             -> 1
CPU:                            [  Low  ][     High    ]           -> 1
CPU:                              [  Low  ][     High    ]         -> 1
CPU:                                [  Low  ][     High    ]       -> 1
CPU:                                  [  Low  ][     High    ]     -> 1
CPU:                                    [  Low  ][     High    ]   -> 1
CPU:                                      [  Low  ][     High    ] -> 1

Sprite overflow bug

Appears to be caused by a timing issue.

Signal trace for a "good" sprite skip (eight sprites not found yet, current sprite not in range): 

hpos  spr_addr_clear_low_bump_high_setup  spr_addr_load_next_value  /spr_load_next_value_or_write_2003_reg
04c   0                                   0                         1
04c   0                                   0                         1
04c   0                                   0                         1
04c   0                                   0                         1
04c   0                                   0                         1
04c   0                                   0                         1
04c   0                                   0                         1
04c   0                                   0                         1
04b   1                                   0                         1
04b   1                                   0                         1
04b   1                                   0                         1
04b   1                                   0                         1
04b   1-----------------------------------1                         0
04b   1             Overlap               1                         0
04b   1   Clears low and bumps high       1                         0
04b   1-----------------------------------1                         0
04a   1                                   0                         1
04a   1                                   0                         1
04a   1                                   0                         1
04a   1                                   0                         1
04a   1                                   0                         1
04a   1                                   0                         1
04a   1                                   0                         1
04a   1                                   0                         1
049   0                                   0                         1
049   0                                   0                         1
049   0                                   0                         1
049   0                                   0                         1
049   0                                   1                         0
049   0                                   1                         0
049   0                                   1                         0
049   0                                   1                         0
048   0                                   0                         1

Signal trace for a glitchy sprite skip (eight sprites found, current sprite not in range): 

hpos  spr_addr_clear_low_bump_high_setup  spr_addr_load_next_value  /spr_load_next_value_or_write_2003_reg
08e   1                                   0                         1
08e   1                                   0                         1
08e   1                                   0                         1
08e   1                                   0                         1
08e   1                                   0                         1
08e   1                                   0                         1
08e   1                                   0                         1
08e   1                                   0                         1
08d   0                                   0                         1
08d   0                                   0                         1
08d   0                                   0                         1
08d   0                                   0                         1
08d   0-----------------------------------1                         0
08d   0           No overlap              1                         0
08d   0       Bumps low and high          1                         0
08d   0-----------------------------------1                         0
08c   1                                   0                         1
08c   1                                   0                         1
08c   1                                   0                         1
08c   1                                   0                         1
08c   1                                   0                         1
08c   1                                   0                         1
08c   1                                   0                         1
08c   1                                   0                         1
08b   0                                   0                         1
08b   0                                   0                         1
08b   0                                   0                         1
08b   0                                   0                         1
08b   0                                   1                         0
08b   0                                   1                         0
08b   0                                   1                         0
08b   0                                   1                         0
08a   1                                   0                         1
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